Читать книгу Beacon Lights of History (Vol.1-14) - John Lord - Страница 36

Table of Contents

GOVERNMENTS AND LAWS.

GREEK AND ROMAN JURISPRUDENCE.

Governments and laws

Oriental laws

Priestly jurisprudence

The laws of Lycurgus

The laws of Solon

Cleisthenes

The Ecclesia at Athens

Struggle between patricians and plebeians at Rome

Tribunes of the people

Roman citizens

The Roman senate

The Roman constitution

Imperial power

The Twelve Tables

Roman lawyers

Jurisprudence under emperors

Labeo

Capito

Gaius

Paulus

Ulpian

Justinian

Tribonian

Code, Pandects, and Institutes

Roman citizenship

Laws pertaining to marriage

Extent of paternal power

Transfer of property

Contracts

The courts

Crimes

Fines

Penal statutes

Personal rights

Slavery

Security of property

Authorities

THE FINE ARTS.

ARCHITECTURE, SCULPTURE, PAINTING.

Early architecture

Egyptian monuments

The Temple of Karnak

The pyramids

Babylonian architecture

Indian architecture

Greek architecture

The Doric order

The Parthenon

The Ionic order

The Corinthian order

Roman architecture

The arch

Vitruvius

Greek sculpture

Phidias

Statue of Zeus

Praxiteles

Scopas

Lysippus

Roman sculpture

Greek painters

Polygnotus

Apollodorus

Zeuxis

Parrhasius

Apelles

The decline of art

Authorities

ANCIENT SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE.

ASTRONOMY, GEOGRAPHY, ETC.

Ancient astronomy

Chaldaean astronomers

Egyptian astronomy

The Greek astronomers

Thales

Anaximenes

Aristarchus

Archimedes

Hipparchus

Ptolemy

The Roman astronomers

Geometry

Euclid

Empirical science

Hippocrates

Galen

Physical science

Geography

Pliny

Eratosthenes

Authorities

MATERIAL LIFE OF THE ANCIENTS.

MECHANICAL AND USEFUL ARTS.

Mechanical arts

Material life in Egypt

Domestic utensils

Houses and furniture

Entertainments

Glass manufacture

Linen fabrics

Paper manufacture

Leather and tanners

Carpenters and boat-builders

Agriculture

Field sports

Ornaments of dress

Greek arts

Roman luxuries

Material wonders

Great cities

Commerce

Roman roads

Ancient Rome

Architectural wonders

Roman monuments

Roman spectacles

Gladiatorial shows

Roman triumphs

Authorities

THE MILITARY ART.

WEAPONS, ENGINES, DISCIPLINE.

The tendency to violence and war

Early wars

Progress in the art of war

Sesostris

Egyptian armies

Military weapons

Chariots of war

Persian armies, Cyrus

Greek warfare

Spartan phalanx

Alexander the Great

Roman armies

Hardships of Roman soldiers

Military discipline

The Roman legion

Importance of the infantry

The cavalry

Military engines

Ancient fortifications

Military officers

The praetorian cohort

Roman camps

Consolidation of Roman power

Authorities

CICERO.

ROMAN LITERATURE.

Condition of Roman society when Cicero was born

His education and precocity

He adopts the profession of the law

His popularity as an orator

Elected Quaestor; his Aedileship

Prosecution of Verres

His letters to Atticus; his vanity

His Praetorship; declines a province

His Consulship; conspiracy of Catiline

Banishment of Cicero: his weakness; his recall

His law practice; his eloquence

His provincial government

His return to Rome

His fears in view of the rivalry between Caesar and Pompey

Sides with Pompey

Death of Tullia and divorce of Terentia

Second marriage of Cicero

Literary labors: his philosophical writings

His detestation of Imperialism

His philippics against Antony

His proscription, flight, and death

His great services

Character of his eloquence

His artistic excellence of style

His learning and attainments; his character

His immortal legacy

Authorities

CLEOPATRA.

THE WOMAN OF PAGANISM.

Why Cleopatra represents the woman of Paganism

Glory of Ancient Rome

Paganism recognizes the body rather than the soul

Ancestors of Cleopatra

The wonders of Alexandria

Cleopatra of Greek origin

The mysteries of Ancient Egypt

Early beauty and accomplishments of Cleopatra

Her attractions to Caesar

Her residence in Rome

Her first acquaintance with Antony

The style of her beauty

Her character

Character of Antony

Antony and Cleopatra in Cilicia

Magnificence of Cleopatra

Infatuation of Antony

Motives of Cleopatra

Antony's gifts to Cleopatra

Indignation of the Romans

Antony gives up his Parthian expedition

Returns to Alexandria

Contest with Octavius

Battle of Actium

Wisdom of Octavius

Death of Antony

Subsequent conduct of Cleopatra

Nature of her love for Antony

Immense sacrifices of Antony

Tragic fate of Cleopatra

Frequency of suicide at Rome

Immorality no bar to social position in Greece and Rome

Dulness of home in Pagan antiquity

Drudgeries of women

Influence of women on men

Paganism never recognized the equality of women with men

It denied to them education

Consequent degradation of women

Paganism without religious consolation

Did not recognize the value of the soul

And thus took no cognizance of the higher aspirations of man

The revenge of woman under degradation

Women, under Paganism, took no interest in what elevates society

Men, therefore, fled to public amusements

No true society under Paganism

Society only created by Christianity

PAGAN SOCIETY.

GLORY AND SHAME.

Glories of the ancient civilization

A splendid external deception

Moral evils

Imperial despotism

Prostration of liberties

Some good emperors

Disproportionate fortunes

Luxurious living

General extravagance

Pride and insolence of the aristocracy

Gibbon's description of the nobles

The plebeian class

Hopelessness and disgrace of poverty

Popular superstitions

The slaves

The curse of slavery

Degradation of the female sex

Bitter satires of Juvenal

Games and festivals

Gladiatorial shows

General abandonment to pleasure

The baths

General craze for money-making

Universal corruption

Saint Paul's estimate of Roman vices

Decline and ruin a logical necessity

The Sibylline prophecy

Authorities