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BASIC MUSHROOM ANATOMY

COMMON MUSHROOM TERMS

Bruise – Some mushrooms change colors when they are bruised or scratched, as seen on some species of Boletes and other mushrooms. When the pores get scratched they may change colors (for instance, from yellow to blue). The color changes can vary.

Fertile surface – This refers to the part of the mushroom that is spore-bearing. It could be gills, pores, teeth or veins, and is often on the underside of the mushroom.

Flush – When a quantity of mushrooms quickly appears it is called a flush – for example, if 50 mushrooms appeared under a tree in a yard overnight.

KOH (potassium Hydroxide) test – A drop of 3–5% KOH mixed with water can be applied to parts of the mushroom, such as the cap, and produce a color reaction. For example, a mushroom with a pink cap can change to green where the KOH was applied. Color reactions vary from non-distinctive to distinctive color changes.

Latex – Some mushrooms, especially the Genus Lactarius, produce a substance called latex; when the gills are scratched or the mushroom is broken, this milklike juice may appear.

Mycelium – This is the collective name for the threadlike structure at the bottom of the mushroom, usually found underground or covered.

Spore Print – A spore print is a deposit of mushroom spores. The color of the spore print can be useful to help determine the type of mushroom and it may also let you know if you may have made a mistake in the mushroom’s identification. (See next page for more information.)

Veil – A thin covering over the gills, etc., occurs on some young, immature mushrooms, covering the fertile areas between the cap’s outer edge and the top of the stalk. When it breaks apart it can form a ring (a partial veil) on the stalk. Other mushrooms such as Amanitas have a universal veil covering the immature mushrooms; as the mushroom develops and breaks free, a sac-like cup remains at the base of its stalk.

Zones – Many mushrooms can have zoned caps; the zones are often multi-colored in concentric bands on the top of the cap, like rings.