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81. Newman, Essays. ii. p. 428.

82. See Sir Leslie Stephen's English Utilitarians, ii. p. 42.

83. 'Nowhere that I know of,' the Duke of Argyll once wrote in friendly remonstrance with Mr. Gladstone, 'is the doctrine of a separate society being of divine foundation, so dogmatically expressed as in the Scotch Confession; the 39 articles are less definite on the subject.'

84. On this, see Fairbairn's Catholicism, Roman and Anglican, pp. 114-5.

85. A little sheaf of curious letters on this family episode survives.

86. Afterwards Bishop of Salisbury.

87. Marrying Walter Scott's granddaughter (1847) he was named Hope-Scott after 1853.

88. The Apologia of its leader; Froude, Short Studies, vol. iv.; and Dean Church's Oxford Movement, 1833-45, a truly fascinating book—called by Mr. Gladstone a great and noble book. 'It has all the delicacy,' he says, 'the insight into the human mind, heart, and character, which were Newman's great endowment; but there is a pervading sense of soundness about it which Newman, great as he was, never inspired.'

89. See Dr. Fairbairn's Catholicism, Roman and Anglican, p. 292. Pusey speaks of our 'paying twenty millions for a theory about slavery' (Liddon, Life of Pusey, iii. p. 172).

90. Dissertations, i. p. 444.

91. J. B. Mozley's Letters, p. 234.

92. Stanley's Life of Arnold, ii. p. 56 n.

93. The Vestiges of Creation appeared in 1844.

94. The letter will be found at the end of the chapter.

95. See his article in the Nineteenth Century for August, 1894, where he calls Palmer's book the most powerful and least assailable defence of the position of the anglican church from the sixteenth century downwards.

96. See Church, Oxford Movement, pp. 214-6.

97. This letter is printed in the Life of Hampden (1876), p. 199.