A Book of Britain: The Lore, Landscape and Heritage of a Treasured Countryside

A Book of Britain: The Lore, Landscape and Heritage of a Treasured Countryside
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In this remarkable, landmark publication, countryman Sir Johnny Scott evokes all that is romantic about the British countryside, its people, customs and traditions. Over its 600 gloriously illustrated pages, Johnny draws on his wisdom and knowledge to reveal a forgotten culture, and encourages us all to rediscover a beautiful Britain.“I always think of nightingales when spring arrives in the south of England and winter is still reluctant to release its grip north of the Border. I heard my first as a very small child while staying with my grandparents on the Ashdown Forest. My sister woke me one night with an excited whisper, 'A nightingale! You must listen to the nightingale sing!' Together we sat on the window seat, gazing across moonlit lawns towards the forest. At that moment, as if nature had not already done enough to impress, the most wonderful sound I had ever heard filled the silence, as the nightingale started to sing. A rapid succession of varied, unconstructed notes, some harsh, some liquid, sung with great exuberance and vigour, changed to a long, slow, pleading song that rose in volume to a sudden piteous crescendo, before reverting to a tune of jollity and mirth. In my mind's eye I saw it erect and glowing, somewhere in the darkness among the oak trees, but no amount of searching that morning produced a single golden feather.”Throughout the pages of A Book of Britain, Johnny Scott celebrates the landscape and people and reveals why, through centuries of careful management, conservation and cultivation, Britain looks as it does. We discover Royal forests and protected oaks; learn animal behaviour and how best to observe wildlife whether on the moors or in your garden; we learn about traditional country sports from familiar hobbies such as fishing and shooting to lesser-known activities such as “swan upping”. Johnny teaches us to look to animals and nature to predict the weather, and reveals many customs and traditions that are in danger of being lost.This book is a gift in every sense – not only in its sheer scope and presence, but in the rich legacy it will leave behind for future generations.

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Johnny Scott. A Book of Britain: The Lore, Landscape and Heritage of a Treasured Countryside

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE FARMING AND THE LANDSCAPE

OUR LANDSCAPE’S HERITAGE

MAKING A MARK IN THE HILLS

EARLY ‘LANDSCAPING’

THE GREAT LANDSCAPE DESIGNERS OF THE SIXTEENTH AND SEVENTEENTH CENTURIES

DESIGNING THE GREAT LANDSCAPES

HISTORY IN A NAME

THE EVOLUTION OF THE BRITISH LANDSCAPE

HOW FARMING ALTERED THE LANDSCAPE

ADVANCES IN FARMING

THE BIRTH OF MODERN FARMS

THE STEADY MARCH OF AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS

THE DAWN OF INDUSTRY

DRAUGHT HORSES

NEW ADVANCES IN GOODS TRANSPORTATION

CARVING OUT THE CANALS

CHANGING THE HIGHWAYS

THE BIRTH OF NEW BREEDS

THE DRIVE FOR CHANGE

THE INFAMOUS CLEARANCES

REGENERATING THE HEATHER-CLAD HILLS

FARMING MODERN BRITAIN

CHAPTER TWO WOODLAND

OUR WORKING BRITISH WOODLANDS

BRITAIN’S CHANGING LANDSCAPE

TIMBER – NATURE’S MOST USEFUL GIFT

COMMON OAK

SESSILE OR SCRUB OAK

THE COOPER’S CRAFT

ALDER

ELM

ASH

HORNBEAM AND BEECH

BIRCHES

SCOTS PINE

BRITISH FOREST LAWS

THE HERITAGE OF PUCE NAMES

FOREST LAW

BRITAIN’S REGAL FORESTS

‘IMPROVING’ BRITAIN’S NATIVE WOODLAND

PRESERVING OUR ANCIENT WOODLANDS

MYSTERIOUS AND MYTHICAL TREES

THE ANCIENT OAK

YEWS

HOLLY

ASH

HAWTHORN

CRAB TREES

HAZEL

A NATION OF REMARKABLE TREES

CHAPTER THREE WEATHER LORE

THE LOST ART OF WEATHER WATCHING?

THE LUNAR CYCLE

HOW SAINTS’ DAYS PROPHESY THE WEATHER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

JULY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

THE CALENDAR OF WEATHER LORE

THE ANCIENT ART OF READING THE WEATHER

WINDS

WEATHER VANES

THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

NATURE’S WEATHER MESSAGES

UNRAVELLING CLUES TO THE WEATHER

LEARNING FROM WILDLIFE

LEARNING FROM OUR INSIGHTFUL INSECTS

THE PRESCIENCE OF PLANTS

WHEN WILDLIFE PREPARES FOR WINTER

NATURE’S WILD WEATHER WARNINGS

THE CHANGING CLIMATE

CHAPTER FOUR WILDLIFE

CHRISTIANISING PAGAN ICONS

WILDLIFE HIERARCHY

OUR HUNTING HERITAGE

COMPANIES OF BEASTS

WILDLIFE IN LITERATURE

BEDTIME STORIES FOR CHILDREN

FEEDING THE THIRST FOR KNOWLEDGE

CHANGING ATTITUDES TOWARDS WILDLIFE

BRINGING THE EXOTIC TO BRITAIN

THE LOST ART OF CONNECTING WITH NATURE

THE IMPACT OF MODERN LANDSCAPING POLICIES

WHILING AWAY THE HOURS WITH WILDLIFE

BIRD WATCHING

MAKING BIRD NESTS

WINTER MIGRATION

HIBERNATING WILDLIFE

BATS

BAT DETECTORS

HEDGEHOGS

BADGERS

ADDERS

ADDER CATCHERS

TOADS

THE HUNTERS AND THE HUNTED IN WINTER

STOATS

HARES

SHREWS

OUR ISLANDS’ INSECT LIFE

BEES

MOTHS

LURING MOTHS

WILDLIFE MEETS THE CITY

OUR BRITISH RAVENS

WILDLIFE PROTECTION VERSUS STEWARDSHIP

CHAPTER FIVE WILD HARVEST

WILD PLANTS – NATURE’S PRECIOUS HARVEST

A LONG-AWAITED RETURN TO WILD FOODS

USING NATURE’S BOUNTY

A TASTE OF THE SEA

WILD FOOD FROM THE HILLSIDES

BEYOND THE KITCHEN

THE AUTUMN HARVEST

WILD FUNGI

FLYAGARIC

CHAPTER SIX FOLKLORE & CUSTOMS

CELEBRATING THE START OF SUMMER

MAY DAY MERRIMENT

MAT DEW

MAY DAY CELEBRATIONS ACROSS THE COUNTRY

OAK APPLE DAY

MAKING MERRY THROUGHOUT THE MONTH OF MAY

FESTIVALS ON HORSEBACK

HARING AROUND AT THE HAWICK COMMON RIDING

WATCHING AND WAKING – WAKES DAY FESTIVALS

DANCING THE ABBOTS BROMLEY HORN DANCE

SEEKING SWANS ON A SUMMER’S DAY

VENERATING OUR VITAL RESOURCES

FESTIVALS OF GIVING – DOLES AND CHARITIES

THE CURSE ON THE TICHBORNE DOLE

CHARITY THAT DEFIES DEATH

REMEMBER, REMEMBER…

THE TURNING OF THE DEVIL’S STONE

SEEING OUT THE YEAR – NEW YEAR’S EVE FESTIVITIES

MARKING THE FESTIVE SEASON

RIOTOUS DINING

BEATING THE BORDERS

CHAPTER SEVEN CRAFTS

KEEPING HONEY BEES

AN ANCIENT ART

A RENEWED PASSION FOR BEEKEEPING

BEE-FRIENDLY GARDENING

TRADITIONAL CRAFTS WITH STRAW

THATCHING

WORKING WITH WILLOW

MAKING BASKETS

WALKING STICKS

WHITTLING WALKING STICKS

STICK-MAKING BY THE EXPERTS

%WONDERFUL WOOL

DYEING WOOL

TWEED – THE TAILOR’S TEXTILE

THE HOME OF TWEED

WEAVING WOOL AT HOME

MAKING FELT

LAYING HEDGES

A HEDGE FOR EVERY PURPOSE

THE DECLINING ART OF HEDGE LAYING

BILLHOOKS

DRY STONE WALLING

THE CRAFT OF CONSTRUCTING DRY STONE WALLS

THE SKILL OF THE SMITHS

THE FORGOTTEN FORGES

WORKING WITH LEATHER

TANNING

HANDMADE BOOTS

CHAPTER EIGHT COUNTRY SPORTS

SPORTING DAYS BY THE RIVER

HAAF NETTING

THE PERILOUS PAST TIME OF SHRIMP FISHING

FISHING FOR EELS

ROD FISHING

PIGEON RACING

HOUND TRAILING

FERRETING

FALCONRY – BRITAIN’S ANCIENT SPORT

LANGUAGE OF FALCONRY

SPORTING SHOOTING

OUR GAME HERITAGE

PHEASANTS

PARTRIDGES

DEER

A BRIEF HISTORY OF SHOOTING AND SHOTGUNS

WILDFOWLING

BEATING

EQUESTRIAN SPORTS

THE ANNUAL APPLEBY FAIR

THE PONT CLUB

BREEDING HUNTERS

HUNTING

HARE COURSING

THE IMPORTANCE OF HUNTING FOR THE WIDER COMMUNITY

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Acknowledgements

About the Author

Associations

Copyright

About the Publisher

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A BOOK OF

THE LORE, LANDSCAPE AND HERITAGE OF A TREASURED COUNTRYSIDE

.....

The rise of taxation also led to the rise of ‘parliament’, where representatives of the regions would come to London when summonsed to hear of the King’s initiatives, and gradually these representatives were afforded more power. Twenty per cent of the population lived in the 800 or so towns, where craftsmen specialised in their trades under control of the various guilds. New professions developed and doctors, lawyers, administrators and clergymen all found a living in the new urban environment.

Britain was effectively a part of France and benefited from trade opportunities for cloth, leather and surplus corn. However, there was a fly in the ointment: advances in agricultural production had enabled the population to grow from two and a half million at the end of the Anglo-Saxon era to seven million by 1300. This population peak coincided with agricultural yields reaching maximum output and, as with all organic systems, the medieval farmers struggled to maintain fertility. In an effort to meet the demand for grain the three-crop system of rotating grain with fallow which provided natural fertilisation was abandoned and grain was grown in the same field year after year without a break. This merely leached all the fecundity out of the ground and harvest yields fell. Landlords attempted to ameliorate the problem by reclaiming more land in marginal areas of heath, marsh and high moorland where the effort and cost of production were often greater than the output.

.....

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