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INTRODUCTION

The Southern Appalachians. The very words give rise to images of misty, tree-topped mountains; clear whitewater streams; lush woodlands; and a biodiversity unmatched in temperate climes. At the heart of the Southern Appalachians are the Smokies, the 500,000-acre master mountain chain containing the highest, wildest country remaining in the eastern United States. The crown jewel in the chain—Great Smoky Mountains National Park, straddling Tennessee and North Carolina—justifiably attracts millions of people per year.

The allure of the national park, however, often overshadows adjacent special areas. Encircling the park are millions of acres of state-park and national-forest land that expands the range of Smoky Mountain country. This book covers not just the Smokies but also the highlands of eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, western South Carolina, and northern Georgia.

The Southern Appalachians are a region steeped in human and natural history. These mountains played a significant role in the formation and westward expansion of our country, an expansion that oftentimes came at the expense of the Cherokee, who battled settlers and lost but eventually managed to hold on to some of their ancestral lands.

Aside from a few Civil War skirmishes, this land became a forgotten backwater, the land of “do without”—that is, until logging interests discovered its magnificent forests and began to cut them down. Thankfully, some stands were left intact; the Smokies still contain some 125,000 acres of old-growth woods. After the tree harvest in the early 1900s, the U.S. Forest Service took over the fire-scarred and eroded lands, protecting and managing the area for commercial and recreational purposes. Other special mountain places came under state protection, creating a nucleus of fine state parks.

A trip into the Southern Appalachians is sort of like a thru-hike along the Appalachian Trail. The elevation rise—from 700 to nearly 6,700 feet—creates climate zones that foster plant and animal life found from Georgia all the way to Maine. These conditions create the biodiversity that makes the Southern Appalachians special.

Generally speaking, spring takes six weeks to climb the mountains; conversely, autumn descends the mountains six weeks earlier than in the surrounding lowlands. All of this adds to the biodiversity and makes for varying weather conditions to suit your whims as you seek the wildflowers of spring, the lushness of summer, the colors of autumn, and the snows of winter. Luckily for us, we can find plenty of campgrounds tucked away in and near Smokies country.

HOW TO USE THIS GUIDEBOOK

Menasha Ridge Press welcomes you to Best Tent Camping: Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountains. Whether you’re new to camping or you’ve been sleeping in your portable shelter over decades of outdoor adventures, please review the following information. It explains how we have worked with the author to organize this book and how you can make the best use of it.

Some text on the following pages applies to all books in the Best Tent Camping series. Where this isn’t the case, such as in the descriptions of weather and wildlife, the author has provided information specific to the area covered in this particular book.

THE RATING SYSTEM

As with all books in the Best Tent Camping series, the author personally experienced dozens of campgrounds and campsites to select the top 50 locations in the Southern Appalachian and Smoky Mountains. Within that universe of 50 sites, the author then ranked each one according to the six categories described below.

Each campground is superlative in its own way. For example, a site may be rated only one star in one category but perhaps five stars in another category. Our rating system allows you to choose your destination based on the attributes that are most important to you. Although these ratings are subjective, they’re still excellent guidelines for finding the perfect camping experience for you and your companions.

Below and following we describe the criteria for each of the attributes in our five-star rating system:

		The site is ideal in that category.
		The site is exemplary in that category.
		The site is very good in that category.
		The site is above average in that category.
		The site is acceptable in that category.

INDIVIDUAL RATINGS

Each campground description includes ratings for beauty, privacy, quiet, spaciousness, security, and cleanliness; each attribute is ranked from one to five stars, with five being the best. Admittedly, these ratings are subjective, but we’ve tried to select campgrounds that offer something for everyone.

BEAUTY

In judging beauty, I took into account what the general area has to offer as well as the campground. The most beautiful campgrounds have sites that you just don’t want to leave and locations with easy access to breathtaking scenery.

PRIVACY

This rating is determined by how much your neighbors can pay attention to what you’re doing, and vice versa. The best campgrounds provide plenty of green space—shrubs and trees—between adjoining sites. Such campgrounds also stagger their sites so that, for instance, the entrance to the site across the road isn’t directly opposite the entrance to yours.

QUIET

My evaluations were influenced to a great extent by the presence of RVs and the kinds of visitors a park tends to get. (Campgrounds near urban areas, for example, tend to be noisy, as are those that cater to families with children.) I also considered the extent to which you could get away from the fray at a particular campground. You can expect some variation within my ratings based on whether you visit a campground during the week or on a weekend; on holiday weekends, all bets are off.

SPACIOUSNESS

This category contributes to the amount of privacy you have, but mainly it refers to how much space you have to move around in. Some sites are surprisingly large, even to the point of overkill; others are incredibly small.

SECURITY

In general, I found campgrounds in the greater Smokies to be very safe and secure, due largely to the presence of campground hosts and park rangers making the rounds. The only places where I felt security might be compromised were those remote campgrounds that saw few visitors and had no staff or rangers on duty.

CLEANLINESS

My judgments were based on the presence and remnants of past campers around the sites—trash, tent stakes, burned logs, and the like—and on the state of the restroom facilities. I did take into account that primitive toilets tend to be less tidy than modern facilities, although there seemed to me to be little reason for either to be a mess.

THE CAMPGROUND PROFILE

Each profile contains a concise but informative narrative of the campground and individual sites. In addition to the property, the recreational opportunities are also described—what’s in the area and perhaps suggestions for touristy activities. This descriptive text is enhanced with three helpful sidebars: Ratings, Key Information, and Getting There (accurate driving directions that lead you to the campground from the nearest major roadway, along with GPS coordinates).

THE CAMPGROUND LOCATOR MAP AND MAP LEGEND

Use the Southern Appalachians–Smokies Campground Locator Map, opposite the Table of Contents, to assess the exact location of each campground. The campground’s number appears not only on the overview map but also in the Table of Contents and on the profile’s first page.

A map legend that details the symbols found on the campground-layout maps appears immediately following the Table of Contents.

CAMPGROUND-LAYOUT MAPS

Each profile includes a detailed map of individual campsites, roads, facilities, and other key elements.

GPS CAMPGROUND-ENTRANCE COORDINATES

Readers can easily access all campgrounds in this book by using the driving directions in Getting There along with the overview maps, which show at least one major road leading into the area. But for those who enjoy using GPS technology to navigate, the book includes coordinates for each campground’s entrance in latitude and longitude, expressed in degrees and decimal minutes.

To convert GPS coordinates from degrees, minutes, and seconds to the above degrees–decimal minutes format, the seconds are divided by 60. For more on GPS technology, visit usgs.gov.

A note of caution: A dedicated GPS unit will easily guide you to any of these campgrounds, but users of smartphone mapping apps may find that cell service is unavailable in the remote areas where a number of these hideaways are located.

WEATHER

Spring is the most variable season in this region. During March, you’ll find your first signs of rebirth in the lowlands, yet trees in the high country may not be fully leafed out until June. Both winter- and summerlike weather may be experienced in spring. As summer approaches, the strong fronts weaken, and thunderstorms and haze become more frequent. Summertime rainy days can be cool, especially in the high country. In fall, continental fronts once again sweep through, clearing the air and bringing warm days and cool nights, though rain is always possible.

The first snows of winter usually arrive in November and snow can intermittently fall–April, though no permanent snowpack exists. About 20–80 inches of snow can fall during this time. Expect entire days of below-freezing weather, but be aware that temperatures can range from quite mild to bitterly cold.

FIRST AID KIT

A useful first aid kit may contain more items than you might think necessary. These are just the basics. Prepackaged kits in waterproof bags (Atwater Carey and Adventure Medical make them) are available. As a preventive measure, take along sunscreen and insect repellent. Even though quite a few items are listed here, they pack down into a small space:

• Ace bandages

• Adhesive bandages

• Antibiotic ointment (Neosporin or the generic equivalent)

• Antiseptic or disinfectant, such as Betadine or hydrogen peroxide

• Aspirin, acetaminophen (Tylenol), or ibuprofen (Advil)

• Butterfly-closure bandages

• Comb and tweezers (for removing ticks from your skin)

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl, in case of allergic reactions)

• Epinephrine (EpiPen) in a prefilled syringe (for severe allergic reactions to outdoor mishaps such as bee stings)

• Gauze (one roll and six 4-by-4-inch compress pads)

• LED flashlight or headlamp

• Matches or lighter

• Moist towelettes

• Moleskin/Spenco 2nd Skin

• Pocketknife or multipurpose tool

• Waterproof first aid tape

• Whistle (for signaling rescuers if you get lost or injured)

WATCHWORDS FOR FLORA AND FAUNA

BEARS The Southern Appalachians and Smokies are home to black bears in abundance. Most avoid humans, but some associate humans with food and have lost their fear of people. (See for ways to bearproof your food.)

If you should have an unexpected black bear encounter, stand upright and back away slowly. Speak in a calm voice. If you spot a bear at camp or on the trail, keep your distance and make enough noise so that it’s aware of your presence—never surprise a bear. Likewise, never get between a mother bear and her cub. Always notify campground, park, or forest staff after a bear encounter.

MOSQUITOES In the mountains, summertime is peak mosquito season, but even then these pests aren’t as troublesome as they are elsewhere. At this time of year—and anytime you expect mosquitoes to be buzzing around—you may want to wear protective clothing, such as long sleeves, long pants, and socks (provided it’s not too hot outside to make that impractical). Loose-fitting, light-colored clothing is best. Spray clothing with insect repellent, remembering to follow the instructions on the label and to take extra care with children.

Photo: Tom Watson

Photo: Jane Huber

Photo: Kevin Hansen/Freekee/Wikimedia Commons/CC0 (creativecommons.org/license/CC0)

POISON IVY, OAK, AND SUMAC Recognizing and avoiding these plants are the most effective ways to prevent the painful, itchy rashes associated with them. Poison ivy (top right) ranges from a thick, tree-hugging vine to a shaded ground cover, 3 leaflets to a leaf; poison oak (center right) occurs as either a vine or shrub, also with 3 leaflets; and poison sumac (bottom right) flourishes in wet wooded areas such as streambanks, with each leaf having 7–13 leaflets. Urushiol, the plants’ oily sap, is responsible for the rash. Usually within 12–14 hours of exposure (but sometimes much later), raised lines and/or blisters will appear, accompanied by a terrible itch. Try not to scratch—dirty fingernails can cause an infection, and in the best case you’ll spread the rash to other parts of your body.

Wash the rash with cold water and a mild soap or cleanser such as Tecnu, and then dry it thoroughly, applying calamine lotion or a topical cortisone cream to help soothe the itch; if the rash is painful or blistering is severe, seek medical attention. Note that any oil that gets on clothing, boots, and the like can keep spreading its misery for at least a year if you don’t thoroughly clean it off, so wash everything that you think could have urushiol on it, including pets.

Photo: Jane Huber

SNAKES If you spend any time camping in the Southern Appalachians and Smoky Mountains, you may be surprised by the variety of snakes in the area. While most encounters will be with nonvenomous specimens, two venomous snakes do call the mountains home: the copperhead and the timber rattler. The former can be found near streams and on outcrops, whereas the latter will primarily be seen sunning on rocks. You might spend some time studying snakes before you head into the woods, but a good rule of thumb is to give any animal you encounter a wide berth and leave it alone.

TICKS The bane of camping trips, ticks tend to lurk in the brush, leaves, and grass that grow alongside trails. Hot summer months seem to make their numbers explode, but you should be tick-aware all year round.

Ticks, which are related to spiders, need a host to feast on in order to reproduce. The ones that alight onto you will be very small, sometimes so tiny that you won’t be able to spot them until you feel the itchiness of their bite. Primarily of two varieties, deer ticks (which can carry Lyme disease) and wood ticks, both need a few hours of actual attachment before they can transmit any illness they may harbor, so the quicker you remove them the better. Ticks may settle in shoes, socks, or hats and may take several hours to actually latch on.

Wearing light-colored clothing makes ticks easier to spot; tucking the cuffs of your pants into your socks, while geeky-looking, helps keep them from latching on; and using an insect repellent with DEET helps keep them away. Visually check yourself for ticks throughout the day while you’re out in the woods, and do an even more thorough check of your entire body when you’re in your tent/cabin or taking a posthike shower.

If a tick should bite you, use tweezers to remove it—grab as close to the skin as possible, and firmly pull the tick loose without crushing it, making sure to remove the entire head. Then wash the area well with warm, soapy water.

Keep an eye on the bite for several days afterward to ensure that it doesn’t get infected and that a rash doesn’t develop. The telltale sign of Lyme infection is a bullseye-shaped rash that forms around the site of the bite; be aware, however, that you could be infected even if the rash doesn’t develop. If you start experiencing flulike symptoms within a couple of weeks of getting bitten, see a doctor right away.

HAPPY CAMPING: PLANNING, ETIQUETTE, AND MORE

Few things are more disappointing than a bad camping trip—the good news is, it’s really easy to have a great one. Here are a few things to consider as you prepare for your trip.

• PLAN AHEAD. Know your equipment, your ability, and the area where you’ll be camping—and prepare accordingly. Be self-sufficient at all times; carry the necessary supplies for changes in weather or other conditions. In the same vein, reserve your site in advance when that’s an option, especially if it’s a weekend or holiday or if the campground is extremely popular. Also do a little research on what the campground or nearby area has to offer; campground/park staff can be extremely helpful in suggesting things to do and places to go. Finally, consider the accessibility of supplies before you go—it’s a pain to have to get in the car and make a long trek in search of hot dog buns or bug spray.

• USE CARE WHEN TRAVELING. Stay on designated roadways. Be respectful of private property and travel restrictions. Familiarize yourself with the area you’ll be traveling in by picking up a map that shows land ownership.

• WHEN SELECTING A CAMPGROUND OR CAMPSITE, CONSIDER YOUR SPACE REQUIREMENTS. In general, choose a single site if your group consists of 8 people or fewer, a double site for groups of up to 16 people, a triple site for groups of up to 24, or a group camping area for parties of more than 24.

• PLAY BY THE RULES. If you’re unhappy with the site you’ve selected, check with the campground host for other options. Don’t just grab a seemingly empty site that looks more appealing than yours—it could be reserved.

• PICK YOUR CAMPING BUDDIES WISELY. Make sure that everyone is on the same page regarding expectations of difficulty (amenities or the lack thereof, physical exertion, and so on), sleeping arrangements, and food requirements.

• DRESS FOR THE SEASON. Educate yourself on the temperature highs and lows of the specific part of the state you plan to visit. It may be warm at night in the summer in your backyard, but up in the mountains it will often be quite chilly.

• PITCH YOUR TENT ON A LEVEL SURFACE, either on a tent pad at the campsite or a surface covered with leaves, pine straw, or grass. Use a tarp or specially designed footprint to thwart ground moisture and to protect the tent floor. Before you pitch, do some site cleanup, such as picking up small rocks and sticks that can damage your tent floor and make sleep uncomfortable. If you have a separate rainfly but aren’t sure you’ll need it, keep it rolled up at the base of your tent in case it starts raining late at night.

• PACK A SLEEPING PAD IF LYING ON THE GROUND MAKES YOU UNCOMFORTABLE. Pads in a wide range of sizes and thicknesses are sold at outdoor stores. Inflatable pads are also available—don’t try to improvise with a home air mattress, which conducts heat away from the body and tends to deflate as you sleep.

• DON’T HANG OR TIE CLOTHESLINES, HAMMOCKS, AND EQUIPMENT ON OR TO TREES. Even if you see other campers doing this, be responsible and do your part to reduce damage to trees and shrubs.

• IF YOU TEND TO USE THE BATHROOM FREQUENTLY AT NIGHT, PLAN AHEAD. Leaving a comfy sleeping bag and stumbling around in the dark to find a place to heed nature’s call—be it a vault toilet, a full restroom, or just the woods—is no fun. Keep a flashlight and any other accoutrements you may need within easy reach, and know exactly where to head in the dark.

• LIKEWISE, KNOW HOW TO GO IN THE BACKCOUNTRY. If you’re camping at a primitive site, bringing large jugs of water and a portable toilet is the easiest and most environmentally friendly solution. A variety of portable toilets are available from outdoors suppliers; in a pinch, a 5-gallon bucket fitted with a toilet seat and lined with a heavy-duty plastic trash bag will work just as well. (Don’t forget to pack out the bag.) A second, less desirable method is to dig an 8-inch-deep cathole. It should be located at least 200 yards from campsites, trails, and water, in an inconspicuous location with as much undergrowth as possible. Cover the hole with a thin layer of soil after each use, and don’t burn or bury your toilet paper—pack it out in resealable plastic bags. If you plan to stay at the campsite for several days, dig a new hole each day, being careful to replace the topsoil over the hole from the day before. In addition to the plastic bags, your outdoor-toilet cache should include a garden trowel, toilet paper, and wet wipes. Select a trowel with a well-designed handle that can also double as a toilet paper dispenser.

• IF YOU’RE CAMPING AT A DEVELOPED SITE, DON’T SKIMP ON FOOD. Plan tasty meals, and bring everything you’ll need to prep, cook, eat, and clean up. That said, don’t duplicate equipment such as cooking pots among the members of your group.

• KEEP A CLEAN COOKING AREA, and pick up food scraps on the ground both during and after your visit. Maintain a group trash bag, and be sure to secure it in your vehicle at night. Many campgrounds have a pack-in/pack-out rule, and that means everything: no cheating by tossing orange peels, eggshells, or apple cores in the shrubs.

• DO YOUR PART TO PREVENT BEARS FROM BECOMING CONDITIONED TO SEEKING HUMAN FOOD. In the Southern Appalachians and Smokies, where bears abound, this is especially important. The constant search for food influences every aspect of a bear’s life, so when camping in bear country, store food in your vehicle or in bearproof containers. Keep food (including canned goods, soft drinks, and beer) and garbage secured, and don’t take food with you into your tent. You’ll also need to stow scented or flavored toiletries such as deodorant, toothpaste, and lip balm, as well as cooking grease and pet food. Common sense and adherence to the simple rules posted in the campgrounds will help keep you and the bears safe and healthy. (See for what to do if you encounter a bear.)

• USE ESTABLISHED FIRE RINGS, AND BE AWARE OF FIRE RESTRICTIONS. Make sure that your fire is totally extinguished whenever you leave the area. If you cook with a Dutch oven, use a fire pan and elevate it to avoid scorching or burning the ground. Don’t burn garbage in your campfire—trash fires smell awful and often don’t burn completely, plus fire rings fill with burned litter over time. Also check ahead to see if bringing your own firewood is allowed. If it’s not, buying firewood on-site (if available) may be preferable to gathering deadfall, which is frequently green and/or wet.

• DON’T WASH DISHES AND LAUNDRY OR BATHE IN STREAMS AND LAKES. Food scraps are unsightly and can be potentially harmful to fish, and even biodegradable soaps can be harmful to fragile aquatic environments.

• BE A GOOD NEIGHBOR. Observe quiet hours, keep noise to a minimum, and keep your pets leashed and under control.

• MOST IMPORTANT, LEAVE YOUR CAMP CLEANER THAN YOU FOUND IT. Pick up all trash and microlitter in your site, including in your fire ring. Disperse leftover brush used for firewood.

VENTURING AWAY FROM THE CAMPGROUND

If you decide to go for a hike, bike, or other excursion into the boondocks, here are some safety tips.

• LET SOMEONE AT HOME OR AT CAMP KNOW WHERE YOU’LL BE GOING AND HOW LONG YOU EXPECT TO BE GONE. Also let him or her know when you return.

• SIGN IN AND OUT OF ANY TRAIL REGISTERS PROVIDED. Leave notes on trail conditions if space allows—that’s your opportunity to alert others to any problems you encounter.

• DON’T ASSUME THAT YOUR PHONE WILL WORK ON THE TRAIL. Reception may be spotty or nonexistent, especially on a trail embraced by towering trees.

• ALWAYS CARRY FOOD AND WATER, EVEN FOR A SHORT HIKE. And bring more water than you think you’ll need. Boil, filter, or chemically treat water from a stream before drinking it.

• ASK QUESTIONS. Public-land employees are on hand to help.

• STAY ON DESIGNATED TRAILS. If you become disoriented, assess your current direction, and then retrace your steps to the point where you went astray. Using a map, compass, and/or GPS unit, and keeping in mind what you’ve passed thus far, reorient yourself and trust your judgment on which way to continue. If you become absolutely unsure of how to continue, return to your vehicle the way you came in. Should you become completely lost, staying put and waiting for help is most often the best option for adults and always the best option for children.

Paddling Fontana Lake (see Tsali Campground, campground 36)

• CARRY A WHISTLE. It could save your life if you get lost or hurt.

• BE ESPECIALLY CAREFUL WHEN CROSSING STREAMS. Whether you’re fording a stream or crossing on a log, make every step count. If you have any doubt about maintaining your balance on a log, ford the stream instead: use a trekking pole or stout stick for balance and face upstream as you cross. If a stream seems too deep to ford, turn back.

• BE CAREFUL AT OVERLOOKS. While these areas provide spectacular views, they’re also potentially hazardous. Stay back from the edge of outcrops, and be absolutely sure of your footing.

• STANDING DEAD TREES AND DAMAGED LIVING TREES POSE A SIGNIFICANT HAZARD TO HIKERS. These trees may have loose or broken limbs that could fall at any time. While walking beneath trees, and when choosing a spot to rest or enjoy a snack, look up.

• KNOW THE SYMPTOMS OF SUBNORMAL BODY TEMPERATURE, OR HYPOTHERMIA. Shivering and forgetfulness are the two most common indicators. Hypothermia can occur at any elevation, even in the summer—especially if you’re wearing lightweight cotton clothing. If symptoms develop, get to shelter, hot liquids, and dry clothes as soon as possible.

• LIKEWISE, KNOW THE SYMPTOMS OF ABNORMALLY HIGH BODY TEMPERATURE, OR HYPERTHERMIA. Lightheadedness and weakness are the first two indicators. If you feel these symptoms, find some shade, drink some water, remove as many layers of clothing as practical, and stay put until you cool down. Marching through heat exhaustion leads to heatstroke—which can be fatal. If you should be sweating and you’re not, that’s the signature warning sign. If you or a hiking partner is experiencing heatstroke, do whatever you can to get cool and find help.

• MOST IMPORTANT, TAKE ALONG YOUR BRAIN. Think before you act. Watch your step. Plan ahead.