Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

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Jon C. Barlow. Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Natural History of the Bell Vireo, Vireo bellii Audubon

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

METHODS OF STUDY

STUDY AREA

Considerations of Habitat

SEASONAL MOVEMENT

Arrival in Spring

Fall Departure

GENERAL BEHAVIOR

Flight

Foraging and Food Habits

Bathing

VOCALIZATIONS

Singing Postures

Flight Song

Daily Frequency of Song

Types of Vocalizations

Table 1. Representative Singing Rates of Breeding Bell Vireos. All Rates Were at Air Temperatures Less Than 86° F. Each Instance Represents Approximately 30 Minutes of Observation

TERRITORIALITY

Establishment of Territory

Size of Territories

Permanence of Territories

Table 2. Size of the Nine Original Territories Occupied in 1960

Maintenance of Territory

Table 3. Intraspecific Disputes in Maintenance of Territory. Behavior

Aggressive Behavior of the Female

Interspecific Relationships

Table 4. Interspecific Conflict Observed in 1959 and 1960

Discussion

COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR

Displays and Postures

Discussion

SELECTION OF NEST-SITE AND NESTBUILDING

Table 5. Nest-sites Utilized in 1960

Building

Gathering of Nesting Material

Length and Hours of Nestbuilding

Abortive Nestbuilding Efforts

Renesting

The Nest

Table 6. Abortive Nesting Attempts in May and June of 1960

Table 7. Dimensions of Nests in May (1960) and June (1960)

EGGLAYING AND INCUBATION

Egglaying

Clutch-size

Table 8. Average Numbers of Eggs per Nest (Number of Records in Parentheses)[F]

Incubation

The Roles of the Sexes in Incubation

Relief of Partners in Incubation

NESTLING PERIOD

Hatching Sequence

Development of the Nestlings

Table 9. Maturation of Nestling Bell Vireos. The First Day That an Activity Was Observed Is Shown

Parental Behavior

Feeding of the Nestlings

Table 10. Feeding of the Nestlings

Nest Sanitation

Fledging

Nest Parasites

FLEDGLING LIFE

Second Broods

REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

Behavior

Table 11. Egg Mortality in Bell Vireos

Predation

Cowbird Parasitism

Table 12. Incidence of Cowbird Parasitism of the Bell Vireo Compared With Other Passerines in the Study Area in 1959 and 1960

SUMMARY

LITERATURE CITED

29-1506. UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS. MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY

Отрывок из книги

Jon C. Barlow

Published by Good Press, 2021

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COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR

SELECTION OF NEST-SITE AND NESTBUILDING

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