Читать книгу American Democracy in Context - Joseph A. Pika - Страница 127

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The details are as follows.

 Unitary system:A central government with arrows pointing to several state/local governmentsThe central government is sovereign, with no legal superior. It may create state governments and delegate legal authority to them. It can also eliminate such governments.

 Confederal system:A central government which receives arrows pointing from various several state/local governmentsAn alliance exists among independent sovereign governments, which delegate limited authority to a central government of their making. The independent sovereign governments retain sovereignty, with no legal superior, over all matters they do not delegate to the central government.

 Federal system:A constitution is on top from which arrows point down to a central government and several state/local governments.State governments are sovereign in specified matters, and a central government is sovereign in other specified matters. The matters over which each government is sovereign are set forth in a constitution, which is the supreme law of the land.

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The federations of the world are as follows.

Canada, United States, Venezuela, Brazil, Argentina, Austria, Germany, Belgium Switzerland, Spain, Iraq, United Arab Emirates, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Comoros, Ethiopia, Somalia, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Malaysia, and Australia.

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The painting shows an aerial view of the waterways, which form the center of the illustration. The city is depicted in the foreground while the background shows the sea. The waterway is shown to be quite busy with several steamboats, large and small sail ships, and even a few tug boats plying.

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The horizontal axis shows the years from 1996 to 2017 and the vertical axis shows the percent from 0 to 80 in increments of 20.

The two graph lines expressing opposite opinions are the mirror image of each other, one showing a rising trend and the other a dipping trend.

Should not be valid: This line starts at close to 70% in 1996, gradually dropping down to finish at 32 in 2017.

Should be valid: This line starts at around 27% in 1996 and rises slowly to finish at about 65 % in 2017.

Note: How has public opinion about same-sex marriage changed since the Supreme Court’s decision in Obergefell?

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The details are as follows.

Medical marijuana broadly legalized: Montana, Utah, Arizona, Hawaii, New Mexico, North Dakota, Minnesota, Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana, Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Florida

Marijuana fully legalized for recreational use: Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, Colorado, Michigan, Illinois, Maine, Vermont, Massachusetts, District of Columbia

No broad laws legalizing marijuana: Idaho, Wyoming, South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Wisconsin, Texas, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Indiana