Читать книгу American Democracy in Context - Joseph A. Pika - Страница 49

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The details are as follows.

Democracies of the world: United States, Canada, Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Costa Rica, Panama, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, all South American countries except Venezuela and French Guiana, all European countries except Belarus, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia; Tunisia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Burkina Faso, Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Malawi, Madagascar, India, Sri Lanka, Mongolia, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Zealand.

Non democratic countries: All the rest.

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The horizontal axis shows the years 1913 to 2015 and the vertical axis shows the percentage of all economic activity from 0 to 70 in increments of 10.

The details are as follows with all values approximated from the graph.

U.S.: The line starts at 8% and rises to 31 by 1980, at which level it stays until 1996. Thereafter, it rises again, ending at 38% in 2015.

U.K.: The line starts at 12, rises to 37 in 1937, drops to 32 in 1960, and rises again to 42 in 1980, at which level it stays with slight fluctuations until 2015.

Sweden: The line starts at 10%, rises steeply after 1937 to reach 60 in 1980, 65 in 1996, but drops to 50 in 2015.

Note: Government’s expenditures as a percentage of all economic activity grew in all three countries, but less in the United States than in Sweden or Great Britain.

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The horizontal side of the matrix represents “intervention on social issues” and is marked “low” on the left end and “high” on the right end.

The vertical side represents “economic intervention” and is marked “low” at the lower end and “high” at the upper end.

The four cells are labelled as follows.

Top left: Liberal

Top right: Blank

Bottom Left: Libertarian

Bottom right: Conservative

Note: We have divided the grid into four quadrants here for the sake of simplicity. In reality, both dimensions are gradients; one person can be located higher or lower than another or farther left or right, even though both are located in the same quadrant. Each dimension is a matter of degree. Where do you think you would fall on the grid?

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The horizontal axis shows the percent volunteering from 0 to 80.

The details are as follows with all values approximated from the graph.

 United Kingdom: 72

 Ireland: 70

 Netherlands: 68

 Canada: 68

 Australia: 66

 New Zealand: 66

 Iceland: 65

 Indonesia: 64

 United States: 62

 Norway: 55

 Switzerland: 55

 Denmark: 53

 Sweden: 52

 Israel: 52

 Austria: 51

 Luxembourg: 50

 Italy: 50

 Chile: 45

 Germany: 43

 Finland: 39

 Slovenia: 35

 Belgium: 35

 Slovakia: 34

 Japan: 34

 South Korea: 34

 Poland: 34

 Spain: 33

 India: 27

 Portugal: 27

 Brazil: 25

 France: 25

 Mexico: 24

 Czech Republic: 22

 Hungary: 21

 Argentina: 20

 Estonia: 17

 Turkey: 15

 South Africa: 13

 China: 10

 Greece: 5

 Russia: 5

Note: Sixty-two percent of Americans volunteered time, gave money, or helped strangers in a given month—more than the citizens of many other countries. In general, citizens of prosperous European and North American countries were more generous in this way than citizens of other countries. Why is this so?