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Illustrations

FIGURES

1 Priest patriot swearing oath of loyalty to the nation, the law, and the king

2 Tennis Court Oath, the abbé Henri Grégoire in the foreground

3 The abbé Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyès in clerical dress

4 The abbé Grégoire intervening before the Constituent Assembly

5 The abbé Jacques Jallet, priest and diarist

6 Canon lawyer Pierre Durand de Maillane

7 Caricature of clergy refusing the oath of loyalty in the Assembly

8 Fauchet preaching at Mass for Bastille victims

9 Title page of Fauchet’s book De la religion nationale

10 A front page of Fauchet’s publication Bouche de fer

11 The abbé Adrien Lamourette

12 Mirabeau with Franklin and Enlightenment philosophes on the Champs Élysées

13 Canon lawyer Armand-Gaston Camus

14 The Kiss of Lamourette in the Legislative Assembly

15 Bishop Louis-Alexandre Expilly

16 Caricature of a priest refusing the oath of loyalty at Sunday service

17 King before the Constituent Assembly after his attempt to flee the country

18 Cover of La Feuille villageoise, a forum for radical priests

19 The episcopal vicar Yves-Marie Audrein in a mock procession of Jacobins

20 The episcopal vicar François Chabot as Franciscan and corrupt politician

21 Bishop Jean-Baptiste Saurine

22 Bishop Jean-Baptiste Massieu

23 Jacques Roux with Louis XVI and official entourage about to bring the king to execution

24 Joseph Le Bon caricatured as blood-drinking executioner

25 Formal ordination papers turned in by an abdicating priest

26 First page of first issue of Annales de la religion

27 The revolutionary calendar

28 Bishop Claude Le Coz

29 First manuscript page of the minutes of the 1797 Council

30 Bishop Jean-Baptiste Royer

31 Caricature of the 1801 Council gathered in Notre-Dame Cathedral

32 Jean Gerson, late medieval hero of the constitutionals at the 1801 Council

33 Signing of the Concordat

34 Pope Pius VII and Cardinal Caprara, head of papal delegation to reconcile former constitutionals

35 Commemorative image of Pope Pius VI (burial at Valence)

MAPS

1 The oath of loyalty to the nation, the law, and the king

2 Estimated number of abdicating priests, 1793–1794

3 The revived Constitutional Church—six areas of activity

All maps after Langlois, Tackett, and Vovelle, eds., Religion, vol. 9 of Atlas de la Révolution française, © 1996 Éditions de l’École des Hautes Études en Science Sociales.