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Madin (1988) used field observations, videography, and measurements to produce a very useful conceptual model of feeding behavior in medusae, ctenophores, and siphonophores. In his model, the shape of the medusa’s bell, its arrangement of tentacles, and its swimming behavior create an encounter zone where probability of prey capture is maximized. Within the encounter zone, the likelihood that various prey types will be caught depends on the interaction of tentacle density, tentacle spacing, prey size, type, and the behavior and properties of nematocysts (Table 3.1).

Figure 3.17 illustrates modes of tentacle deployment for a variety of different medusae and siphonophores. Most of the medusae illustrated are hydromedusae, underscoring the diversity in their morphology. “Type” species represented in Figure 3.17 are listed in Table 3.1 and described briefly below.