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Consider a transmission line with an ATC of 500 MW during the peak load of 200 hours per month. A $10 M solution utilizes 50% of the ATC and its payback time is 10 months. What is the cost of power delivery in $/hour/MW?

If an ST or a UPFC is used, what would be the payback time in each case? Assume the costs of a 100 MVA‐rated ST and a 160 MVA‐rated UPFC are $10 M and $80 M, respectively. It is calculated in Chapter 3 that a 30 MVA‐rated ST or UPFC enhances the power flow in a particular line about 60 MW.

ST Data:

UPFC Data:

For a 60 MW of power flow enhancement, both the ST and the UPFC will generate a yearly revenue of .

Note that the base case is related to a solution of voltage regulation where the power flow in the line is enhanced by 250 MW. Since the voltage regulation in the line cannot be increased beyond the statutory limitations, the 100% of the ATC cannot be realized using the voltage regulation solution. However, the full ATC can be achieved by using an impedance regulation method, offered by an ST or a UPFC. If the slow response time in 3–5 s is acceptable, an ST is a preferred solution over a UPFC, since the fast response time in <0.010 s from a power electronics inverter is not required in most utility applications and the payback time of the ST is 20% of the cost of a UPFC.