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Every country/region has its own approach to language teaching and learning in their schools. In some locations, instructional choices are more centralized, with a ministry of education who makes curriculum, textbook, and assessment decisions. In these settings, the ministry communicates these decisions to schools and teachers. Depending on the setting, teachers may have opportunities for choice among recommended options. In other settings, teachers have no choice regarding what, how, or with what to teach and assess. In other locations, instructional choices are decentralized, so that regional and local educational institutions can make instructional decisions on curricula, texts, and assessments that work with the learners in their setting.

It is important to learn as much as possible about the work environment beforehand, in order to predict how much flexibility will be allowed in instruction and assessment. It is also important to know how the education system is designed, in order to access the proper resources and guidelines on instruction and assessment. In China or Qatar, for example, it is necessary to follow the ministry of education policies, procedures, and resources. Teachers can go to the ministry for instructional resources, guidelines, and professional development. In the United States, educators can go to state departments of education for this sort of professional information and assistance.