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Chapter 2 Settlement, the Road to Revolution, the Founding, and the Early Republic

1565: First permanent European settlement established by Spain at St. Augustine, Florida

1607: First permanent English settlement established at Jamestown, Virginia

1619: First African laborers imported to British North America

1620: English Puritans settle at Plymouth, Massachusetts

1624: First Dutch Settlement at New Amsterdam (seized by the British in 1664, when its name was changed to New York)

1630–1637: Massachusetts Bay colony established

1675–1678: King Philip’s War

1688–1689: Glorious Revolution (England)

1689: Publication of John Locke’s Second Treatise on Civil Government

1689: English Bill of Rights

1730–1755 (circa): First Great Awakening

1769: Spanish Catholic Franciscan missionaries establish twenty-one permanent missions along the California coast

1775: Pennsylvania Abolition Society founded

1775–1783: American Revolution

1776 (July 4): US Declaration of Independence

1781: Articles of Confederation ratified

1785: New York Society for the Promotion of the Manumission of Slaves founded

1787–1789: Constitutional ratification debates

1789 (September 17): US Constitution adopted

1789–1799: French Revolution

Chapter 3 Antebellum Political Thought

1790–1840 (circa): Second Great Awakening

1791: US Bill of Rights adopted

1791–1804: Saint-Domingue Slave Rebellion/Haitian Revolution

1793: Fugitive Slave Act of 1793

1800: First peaceful transition of power between national political parties

1803: Louisiana Purchase

1804–1806: Lewis and Clark expedition

1808: Atlantic slave trade ended

1812: War of 1812

1814–1815: Hartford Convention

1819–1821: Missouri Crises

1821: Mexican independence from Spain shifts large parts of what later will become the American West from Spanish to Mexican control

1822: Denmark Vesey Rebellion (aborted)

1823: Monroe Doctrine

1830: Indian Removal Act/Trail of Tears

1831: The Liberator founded

1831: Nat Turner Rebellion

1833: American Anti-Slavery Society founded

1845 (July 4): Henry David Thoreau begins residence at Walden Pond

1845: US annexation of Texas

1846–1848: Mexican–American War

1848: California Gold Rush

1848: Seneca Falls Convention

Chapter 4 Secession/Civil War/Reconstruction

1850: Fugitive Slave Act of 1850

1852: Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1854: Republican Party founded

1857: Dred Scott v. Sandford

1858 (August–October): Lincoln–Douglas Debates

1859: Radical abolitionist John Brown’s raid on US arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia

1860 (December): South Carolina secedes

1861 (April 12): South Carolina fires upon Fort Sumter; hostilities begin

1861–1865: Abraham Lincoln presidency

1861–1865: US Civil War

1862: Homestead Act

1863: Emancipation Proclamation

1863: Gettysburg Address

1864: Sand Creek massacre

1865 (April 9): Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse

1865 (April 15): Abraham Lincoln assassinated

1865 (June 19): First African-American Juneteenth celebration commemorating the Emancipation Proclamation

1865: First Ku Klux Klan founded

1865–1870: Civil War Amendments adopted

1865–1877: Reconstruction

1866: Civil Rights Act of 1866

Chapter 5 Industrial Capitalism, Reformism, and the New American State

1869: Transcontinental Railroad completed

1869–1874: Granger Laws passed

1871: Indian Appropriations Act

1872: First National Park established at Yellowstone

1875: Civil Rights Act of 1875 (voided by Civil Rights Cases, 1883)

1876: Alexander Graham Bell invents telephone

1876: Battle of Little Big Horn

1877–1880: Thomas Edison invents the phonograph, the electric light bulb, and electric power generation

1882: Chinese Exclusion Act

1886 (May 4): Haymarket Affair, Chicago

1887: Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) established

1887: Dawes Act (Native American land allotments)

1890: Sherman Anti-trust Act

1890: Wounded Knee massacre

1890: American Frontier closed

1890: “Jim Crow” white supremacy re-established in South

1890s (circa): Populist movement

1890–1920: Progressive era

1892: Homestead Strike, Pittsburgh

1896: Plessy v. Ferguson

1898: Spanish–American War

1901–1909: Theodore Roosevelt presidency

1903: Wright Brothers invent airplane and fly at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina

1908: Introduction of the Model T automobile by the Ford Motor Company

1909: National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) founded

1912: Theodore Roosevelt’s third-party “Bull Moose” presidential campaign

1913: Federal Reserve established

1913–1921: Woodrow Wilson presidency

1914–1918: World War I

1917 (April)–1918 (November): US joins World War I

1918–1920: Spanish flu pandemic

1920: Nineteenth Amendment ratified

1920–1933: Prohibition

1921: Tulsa Race massacre

1921: Equal Rights Amendment proposed

1924: Immigration Act

1924: Indian Citizenship Act

Chapter 6 The New Deal Liberal Order: Collapse, Culmination, or “Great Exception”?

1929–1939: The Great Depression

1932: Great Plains dust storms

1933–1934: First New Deal

1933–1945: Franklin Delano Roosevelt presidency

1935: National Labor Relations Act

1935: Social Security Act

1935–1936: Second New Deal

1938: Fair Labor Standards Act

1939–1962: Civil rights movement sit-ins

1941 (December 7): Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii; US enters World War II

1941–1945: World War II

1944: Normandy Invasion

1945: US drops atomic bombs on Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

1945: Yalta Conference

1947–1991: Cold War

1947: Jackie Robinson breaks baseball color barrier

1948: Alger Hiss–Whittaker Chambers hearings

1948–1952: Chinese Communist Revolution

1949–1951 (circa): US television networks established

1950: Mattachine Society founded

1950–1953: Korean War

1950–1954: “McCarthy era” anticommunist crusade

1953: Soviets test hydrogen bomb

Chapter 7 Radical Stirrings, Civil Rights, the Contentious 1960s, and the Rise of Modern Conservatism

1954: Brown v. Board of Education

1955: Lynching of Emmitt Till

1955: Daughters of Bilitis founded

1955: National Review founded by William F. Buckley Jr.

1955–1956: Montgomery Bus Boycott

1955–1975: Vietnam War

1957: Russian Sputnik 1 satellite launched

1959: Nixon–Khrushchev “Kitchen Debate”

1960: Students for a Democratic Society founded

1960: Civil rights movement sit-ins begin at Greensboro, North Carolina

1960: Young Americans for Freedom founded

1960: Christian Broadcasting Network founded

1961: Bay of Pigs invasion (failed)

1961: Freedom Rides

1962: Cuban Missile Crisis

1963: March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom

1963: Birmingham 16th Street Baptist Church bombing

1963 (November 22): John F. Kennedy assassinated, Dallas

1963–1969: Lyndon Baines Johnson presidency

1964 (June): Murder of civil rights workers James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, Neshoba County, Mississippi

1964 (June–August): Mississippi Freedom Summer

1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964

1964: Barry Goldwater nomination

1964: UC Berkeley Free Speech movement

1964–1965: Great Society social welfare programs, including Medicare and Medicaid, launched

1965: Selma to Montgomery Voting Rights marches

1965: Voting Rights Act of 1965

1965: Delano Grape Boycott (Cesar Chavez)

1965: Malcolm X assassinated, New York City

1966: National Organization for Women founded

1966: Black Panther Party founded.

1967: Summer of Love, Haight-Asbury, San Francisco

1968 (April 4): Martin Luther King Jr. assassinated, Memphis

1968 (April–May): Urban riots

1968 (June 6): Robert F. Kennedy assassinated, Los Angeles

1968: Democratic National Convention riots, Chicago

1969: Stonewall uprising

1969 (July 20): Apollo 11 moon landing

1969 (August): Woodstock Music Festival

1969–1974: Richard M. Nixon presidency

1970: First Earth Day

1972: Eagle Forum established by Phyllis Schlafly

Chapter 8 The Identity and Post-Materialist Left, the New Right, and Third Way Liberalism

1972–1974: Watergate scandal; Nixon resigns

1973: Roe v. Wade

1973–1974: OPEC Oil Crisis

1979: Moral Majority founded

1981–1989: Ronald Reagan presidency

1982: Gay Men’s Health Crisis founded

1985: Democratic Leadership Council founded

1986: Operation Rescue founded

1987: ACT-UP founded

1990–1991: Persian Gulf War

1992: Los Angeles Riots

1992: North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

1993: First World Trade Center bombing

1995: Oklahoma City federal building bombing

1998: Bill Clinton–Monica Lewinsky scandal

2001 (September 11): Al-Qaeda terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, DC

2001: US invasion of Afghanistan

2001– : “War on Terror”

2002: Department of Homeland Security founded

2003–2011: Second Iraq War

2005: Hurricane Katrina

Chapter 9 Conclusion

2008 (September): Financial Crisis/Great Recession

2008: Election of Barack Obama

2010: Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

2010: Affordable [Health] Care Act

2011: Occupy Wall Street movement

2013: Boston Marathon bombings

2013: Black Lives Matter founded

2014: Ferguson, Missouri, uprising

2015: Obergefell v. Hodges

2016: Donald Trump elected; “American Carnage” Inaugural

2019: Green New Deal Resolution introduced

2019–2020: Donald Trump impeachment and acquittal

2020 (March)– : Coronavirus/Covid-19 pandemic

2020: George Floyd uprising against racist police violence and white supremacy