Читать книгу Ethics in Psychotherapy and Counseling - Kenneth S. Pope - Страница 76

A focus on the role of culture in psychotherapy as practiced and regulated by state or provincial licensing laws is a relatively recent phenomenon. Historically, the field of mental health has been slow at recognizing the significance of culture in psychological science, practice, and ethics (see Hall, 1997; Guthrie, 2004; Pickren & Burchett, 2014; Sue et al., 2019; Vasquez, 2007, 2012). The first mention of culture as a factor in therapy took place at the Vail Conference of 1973 (Korman, 1974). Sixteen years later, in 1990, the APA published its first guidelines that addressed culture titled, The Guidelines for Providers of Psychological Services to Ethnic, Linguistic, and Culturally Diverse Populations (APA, 1990). That same decade, the CPA approved and published their Guidelines for Non-Discriminatory Practice. Since then, both APA and CPA guidelines have been revised. In 2003, the new APA guidelines were published with a new title, The Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change (see APA, 2003) and in 2017 they were revised once again (see APA, 2017b). The CPA guidelines were updated in 2001 and in 2017.

The 2017b version of the APA Multicultural Guidelines more broadly addresses the importance of attending to various identities and

encourage psychologists to consider how knowledge and understanding of identity develops from and is disseminated within professional psychological practice. Endemic to this understanding is an approach that incorporates developmental and contextual antecedents of identity and how they can be acknowledged, addressed and embraced to engender more effective models of professional engagement (APA, 2017b, p. 6).

Similarly, the 2017 CPA Guidelines for Non-Discriminatory Practice

promote non-discriminatory care in therapeutic work with clients, as well as to provide guidelines for evaluating the extent to which one’s work falls within the parameters of non-discriminatory practice. As our society and culture become more diverse, and as we become more aware of specific diversities, it is important that psychologists gain an awareness of the need for non-discriminatory practice. As the need arises, guidelines can be developed for use of specific diversities (CPA, 2017b, p. 1).

The APA Guidelines on Race and Ethnicity in Psychology (2019c) more specifically focus on race and ethnicity

and describe how clinicians, educators and researchers can develop racial and ethnocultural responsiveness and discuss the importance of understanding bias and recognizing the influence of race and ethnicity in society (APA, 2019c).

These guidelines encourage psychologists to understand and consider the role of culture in practice, research, consultation, and education. Unfortunately, we have a long way to go in the field of mental health to move beyond just highly encouraging people to consider the role of culture in assessment and interventions to requiring the integration of culture as a standard in practice.