Читать книгу The Political Economy of Reforms in Egypt - Khalid Ikram - Страница 6

Contents

List of Figures and Tables

Preface

Acknowledgments

Abbreviations

Introduction

The Importance of Economic Health

Some Conclusions

1 The Political Economy of Reform: A Survey with Special Reference to Egypt

Interest Groups, Crises, and Economic Reforms

Military and Economic Crises

Political Institutions and Policy Reform

“Tragedy of the Commons” and the Impact on the Environment

The Costs and Benefits of Policy Reforms

The “Insider–Outsider” Conundrum

Political Economy and Dictatorships

The Role of the Foreign Patron

The Political Economy of External Assistance

Donors’ Views

Foreign Aid to Egypt: Benefit or Bane?

2 Challenges and Performance, 1952–

Economic Growth

Population, Labor Force, and Unemployment

Structure of Employment

Public Finance

Poverty

Income Distribution

The External Sector

External Debt

Annex: A Note on GDP Estimates

3 The Population and Related Issues

4 Political Economy in the Nasser Period, 1952–

Agrarian Reforms

The Cultivable Area: Water and the Aswan High Dam

Changes in the Role of the State in the Economy

Industrial Development

Elements of a Summing Up

5 Political Economy in the Sadat Period, 1970–

Economic Background to the Infitah

The Infitah

Pressures on the Economy and the Riots of

Relations with the IMF and the World Bank

Toward a Strategy to Address Underlying Grievances

6 Political Economy in the Mubarak Period, 1981–

Overall Performance

Mubarak’s Philosophy of Political Economy of Reform

External Debt Issues

Economic Reform and Structural Adjustment Program (ERSAP)

Crony Capitalism

Developments, 2000–

7 After Mubarak, 2011–

A Brief Review of the Political Timeline

Mohammed Morsi: June 30, 2012–July 3,

Abd al-Fattah al-Sisi

Political Instability and Economic Growth

Economic Performance, 2011–

Sustainable Development Strategy: Vision

From Vision to Realization

8 The Task Ahead

What Is the General Challenge for Egypt’s Policymakers?

What Strategies Would Help to Meet Egypt’s Development Challenges?

GDP Growth and Its Drivers

Economic Governance

Annex

Notes

References