Читать книгу Suffolk Coast and Heath Walks - Laurence Mitchell - Страница 9

FOREWORD

Suffolk contains some of the finest and most diverse countryside in lowland Britain and much of the strip along the coast is rightly designated as the Suffolk Coast & Heaths Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The national designation recognises an area of contrasts, outstanding landscapes, wildlife havens and superb views.

Walking through the Suffolk Coast & Heaths AONB is the best way to experience the area’s wonderful landscape and remarkable stories. There are three long-distance trails within the AONB – the Suffolk Coast Path, the Stour and Orwell Walk, and the Sandlings Walk. Each of these paths has been carefully developed to reveal the most distinctive features of the area, which can be explored in easy stages.

Although this coastal landscape is low-lying, it lacks nothing in drama. Its spectacular views and big skies have built the area’s reputation as one of the country’s finest lowland walking areas. Much of the drama is down to coastal changes – floods in December 2013 will remain long in the memory – and it was coastal changes that led to the loss of medieval Dunwich, once the most important port in eastern England, which gradually silted up as the sea eroded the coastline. Dramatic changes such as these, and the impact of defences against possible invaders over many years, simply add to the area’s mystique.

But change is usually a story that plays out slowly here, and is revealed in the way the AONB’s communities have responded to the challenges posed by the sea, the fear of invasion and the unique geology of the area. It can be seen in the many miles of sea and riverwalls, the historic heathland sheep walks, and the lonely Martello towers that punctuate the coastline. The development of the landscape in response to local circumstances is also reflected in the unique natural heritage of the AONB, a landscape that contains some of the most famous nature reserves and rarest wildlife in the UK.

The Suffolk Coast & Heaths AONB challenges many common preconceptions about Britain’s coast. While the coastal towns of Felixstowe, Aldeburgh and Southwold provide a taste of the traditional British seaside at its best, much of the area confounds conventional thinking about beauty, and challenges notions of a permanent coast ‘line’. This is a soft coast, shaped and continually re-formed by the capricious whim of the cold North Sea. It’s a sea that is constantly nibbling away at the land, making no distinction between the area’s sandy cliffs and small coastal towns, and causing some of the highest rates of erosion in Britain. But it’s not all about loss – in other places the sea is building new landscapes and creating some of the most extraordinary coastal features in Britain, such as the shingle spit of Orford Ness.

Behind the coast lies a remarkable area of heathland known as the Sandlings. The Sandlings once covered a vast area of east Suffolk, stretching along the coast from Lowestoft to the edge of Ipswich. The surviving remnants of these heaths are not as wholly natural as they appear, but are a product of the way people have used the land over hundreds, or even thousands, of years – a response to the arid sandy soils of the area. This human influence created an open heathy landscape that became home for plants and animals that would previously have lived only in small woodland clearings. It also established a way of life, based on sheep farming, that whole communities would come to depend on – one that would continue virtually unchanged until swept away in the 20th century by modern agricultural practice.

Another striking feature of the Suffolk coast is its estuaries, which are internationally recognised for their wildlife. All are remarkable, but the two most southerly – the Stour and Orwell – are wetlands of particularly contrasting character. Here, a dramatic tension exists between their beautiful scenery and spectacular wildlife and, in contrast, large-scale human usage – most starkly expressed in the mighty cranes and giant container ships that populate the Port of Felixstowe, one of the largest and busiest ports in Europe.

With miles of footpaths to explore in the AONB, this guidebook opens up to walkers the beauty and history of this unique area. Don’t forget to take a moment to enjoy the area’s hospitality but, most importantly, enjoy your walks!

Simon Amstutz

AONB Manager

A gnarled old tree marks the Freston Wood boundary (Stour and Orwell Walk, Stage 3)

Former coastguard cottages at Shingle Street (SCP, Stages 7 and 8)