Читать книгу Classify, Exclude, Police - Laurent Fourchard - Страница 7

This book is located at the crossroads of comparative urban studies, history and political science using historical and ethnographic methods to provide multiple historicity, from the colonial to contemporary periods. It is largely the product of a trajectory related to the functions I have been able to perform, to the modalities of the research conducted in South Africa and Nigeria but also and above all to professional and friendly encounters that have nourished my personal reflection for the past twenty years.

As director of the French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA Nigeria) between 2000 and 2003, I benefitted from the support of researchers who introduced me to the contemporary history of Nigeria including Olufunke Adeboye, Olutayo Adesina, Saheed Aderinto, Rufus Akinyele, Isaac Olawale Albert, Toyin Falola, Dele and Peju Layiwola and Rasheed Olaniyi. I have also benefitted from the support of IFRA during all these years to present my work during seminars or master classes in collaboration with Brian Larkin, Élodie Apard, Émilie Guitard and Ismael Maazaz. Many friends and colleagues sensitise me into topics of urban governance, security, party politics and social history in the first years of 2000 (Claire Bénit‐Gbaffou, Catherine Coquery‐Vidrovitch, Alain Dubresson, Philippe Gervais‐Lambony, Odile Goerg, Sylvy Jaglin, Alan Mabin, Dominique Malaquais and AbdouMaliq Simone).

Appointed as a research fellow in 2004 at the Centre for African Studies (CEAN renamed LAM in 2011) of the Institute for Political Studies (IEP) in Bordeaux, I have strengthened my interest in comparative research between South Africa and Nigeria through numerous seminars and informal discussions with many Bordeaux‐based scholars: Jean‐Nicolas Bach, Louise Barre, Léa Barreau‐Tran, Jean‐Philippe Berrou, Vincent Bonnecase, Chloé Buire, Michel Cahen, Hélène Charton, Denis Constant Martin, Jean‐Pierre Chrétien, Mathias Delori, Christine Deslaurier, Dominique Darbon, Alain Durand‐Lasserve, Vincent Foucher, Didier Galibert, Marc‐Eric Gruénais, Comi Toulabor, Daouda Gary‐Tounkara, Jean‐Hervé Jézéquel, Alessandro Jedlowski, Chloé Josse Durand, Jean‐Baptiste Lanne, Claire Médard, Hervé Maupeu, René Otayek, Wyclife Othiso, Gilles Pinson, Céline Thiriot, Lucie Revilla, Alain Ricard, Ophélie Rillon, Emmanuelle Spiesse, Magali della Sudda and Djemila Zeneidi.

As a visiting scholar at the University of Cape Town (UCT) in 2008–2009, several colleagues guided me in my fieldwork and my readings and many invited me to present the results of my research: Simon Bekker, Clive Glaser, Maanda Mulaudzi, Sophie Oldfield, Susann Parnell, Edgar Pieterse, Jeremy Seekings, Christopher Saunders, Jennifer Robinson, Elrena van der Spuy, Clifford Shearing, Steven Robins and Kees van der Waal. At the same time, I and Simon Bekker of the University of Stellenbosch carried out a broad collective research on the government of Africa’s cities, which greatly stimulated me in my comparative approach. At the same time, I shared many of my research interests with French and South African PhD students and researchers: Claire Bénit‐Gbaffou, Julie Berg, Chloé Buire, Lydie Cabane, Adrien Delmas, Vincent Darracq, Sophie Didier, Jeremy Grest, Liela Groenewald, Mariane Morange, Elizabeth Peyroux, Aurelia Segatti, Myriam Houssay Holzschuch, Marie Huchzermeyer and Jean‐Fabien Steck. In 2011, a stay at Oxford under the Oxpo program allowed me to receive in‐depth feedback on my work on vigilantism and the manufacture of delinquency in Nigeria and South Africa by Jocelyn Alexander, Elizabeth Cooper, Adam Higazi, Gary Kynoch, Jimam Lar, Kate Meagher, David Pratten and Olly Owen.

Joining the Centre for International Relations (CERI) in 2015 reinforced my interest for a historical and economic sociology of politics largely inspired by the European network of the analysis of political societies (REASOPO) coordinated by Jean‐François Bayart and Béatrice Hibou and by co‐organising the seminar on ‘violence and citizenship in Africa’ with Richard Banégas, Roland Marchal and Sandrine Perrot or by participating in the project on ‘the social and political life of identity papers’ coordinated by Richard Banégas and Séverine Awenengo Dalberto. Many chapters bear the traces of these discussions. My previous work on police work found a comparative extension outside the African continent by joining a research group on comparative vigilantism (GRAV) set up by Laurent Gayer and Gilles Favarel‐Garrigues. I also developed an interest in cross‐cutting research outside Africa, through my participation at the Urban School of Sciences Po, with a team including Fatoumata Diallo, Brigitte Fouilland, Charlotte Halpern, Patrick Le Galès, Côme Salvaire, Dennis Rogers and Tommaso Vitale. The feedback of master students of the urban school was also central to me.

This book has also been fuelled by numerous discussions with the members of the editorial boards of Africa, the Journal of African History and of the International Journal of Urban and Regional Research (IJURR) (Rifke Jaffe, Jennifer Robinson, Lisa Weinstein among many others) and members of the Politique Africaine, including Marie‐Emmanuelle Pommerolle, with whom I was co‐editor‐in‐chief from 2009 to 2012. I benefitted from intense exchanges conducted in the summer schools in comparative urban studies of the journal IJURR, thanks to the complicity of Claire Colomb, Yuri Kazepov, Patrick Le Galès, Eduardo Marques, Jeremy Seekings and Jennifer Robinson as well as those conducted in Marrakesh Winter School on the temporality of politics organised by the Chair of Comparative African Studies at the University of Rabat (Jean‐François Bayart) and by a team of researchers from the Association of the journal Politique Africaine (Séverine Awenengo Dalberto, Fred Eboko, Thomas Fouquet, Nadia Hachimi, Didier Péclard, Marieme N’Diaye, Boris Samuel, Etienne Smith).

Jean‐François Bayart, Frederick Cooper, Peter Geschiere, Fabien Jobard, Patrick Le Galès and Ibrahima Thioub brought me central elements when defending my Habilitation in Sciences Po Paris in 2015, which helped me to enrich my original manuscript. The French version of the book would not have been possible without their advice. I would also like to thank Emmanuel Blanchard, Vincent Bonnecase, Daouda Gary‐Tounkara and Joel Glasman for reading some chapters and for their bibliographical suggestions. Presentation of the French version of the book has received many critical comments from Elodie Apard, Jean‐Pierre Bat, François Bonnet, Chloé Buire, Corentin Cohen, Julie Clerc, Gilles Favarel‐Garrigues, Laurent Gayer, Paul Grassin, Béatrice Hibou, Patrick Le Galès, Virginie Malochet, Claire Médard, Thierry Oblet, Daniel Sabbagh, Marianne Saddier and Djemila Zeneidi whose suggestions helped me improve the English version. Jennifer Robinson who encouraged me for years to write a book, provided a considerable number of suggestions for revising the English version. I would like to warmly thank her as well as Walter Nicholls, the chief editor of the SUSC series and Jacqueline Scott for being very supportive. This English version was made possible, thanks to the executive director of the Presses de Sciences Po, Julie Gazier, thanks to the financial support of CERI and the Urban School of Sciences Po and to the translator Susan Taponier.

I would like to warmly thank Joseph Ayodokun (in Ibadan), Gboyega Adebayo and Joseph Akinniyi (in Lagos) and David Agige (in Jos) who helped me interview civil servants, politicians and union officials in the neighbourhoods mentioned in the book. I also thank them for the translations made in Yoruba (Lagos and Ibadan) in Hausa, Afizere and Anaguta (in Jos). Their work has considerable influence and I wish them success in achieving their doctoral thesis.

Emmanuelle Spiesse, Marcel, Gaspard and Achille Fourchard have been infinitely patient and unwaveringly supported me throughout the years. This book is dedicated to them.