Read Japanese Today
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Len Walsh. Read Japanese Today
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♦ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ♦
I am indebted to Professors Takahashi Makoto, Uehara Akira, and Liu Kang-Shih for their assistance in preparing this manuscript, and to Boye De Mente and Frank Hudachek for their invaluable editorial suggestions. I also wish to thank the Asia House for the research grant that made this book possible.
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In any case, the Japanese had a spoken language, and when they saw that their neighbor, China, had both a spoken and a well-developed written language, they decided to borrow the Chinese writing system. The Japanese took the written Chinese characters and attached them to the Japanese spoken words of corresponding meaning. Where the Japanese had no equivalent word, they borrowed the Chinese meaning and pronunciation as well as the written character. They called these characters kanji, a compound word composed from two separate kanji, kan 漢, meaning China, and ji 字, meaning letter.
While the Japanese could use these imported Chinese characters to write the basic roots of Japanese words, they could not use the characters to write grammatical word endings because Japanese grammar and morphology were so different from Chinese. In Chinese, there were no grammatical endings to show what part of speech a word is (corresponding in English to endings such as –tion, –ish, –ed, –ful, and to such auxiliary words as had been, will be, could, and would), whereas in Japanese there were.
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