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1.1.2 Milestones in Data Protection history
ОглавлениеThe history of data protection law since World War II in milestones (continued):
| 1948 | United Nations General Assembly proclaims the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).“Recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.” |
| 1950 | The Council of Europe invites individual states to sign the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). The ECHR came into force in 1953. |
| 1957 | Treaty of Rome establishing the European Economic Community (EEC). |
| 1980 | The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) publishes Guidelines on the Protection of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data. |
| 1981 | The Council of Europe invites countries to sign the Convention for Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data. (Convention 108 / Treaty of Strasbourg). The first binding international instrument to set standards for the protection of personal data. |
| 1992 | Treaty on the European Union (Treaty of Maastricht), establishing the European Union. |
| 1995 | Directive 95/46/EC on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data. (”Privacy Directive”, repealed 25/5/2018) |
| 2000 | Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The Charter further defines people’s fundamental rights within the EU. The charter includes the general principles of the ECHR and explicitly refers to both privacy and data protection. |
| 2001 | Additional Protocol to the Convention for the Protection of Individuals with regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data, regarding supervisory authorities and transborder data flows. |
| 2002 | Directive 2002/58/EC concerning the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications). |
| 2007 | Treaty of Lisbon, strengthening and improving the structures of the EU and establishing the European Data Protection Supervisor (EDPS). Signed December13, 2007, entered into force 2009. The treaty includes the ECHR, making it binding law.The Treaty establishing the European Community is renamed the “Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union”. Declaration 17 attached to the Lisbon Treaty confirms that the Treaties and the law adopted by the Union on the basis of the Treaties have primacy over the law of Member States. |
| 2016 | Publication of General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR), applicable law in the EEA from May 25, 2018. All documents and acts referring to Directive 95/46/EC are supposed to refer to the GDPR from this date. |
| 2016 | Directive 2016/680 on police and judicial cooperation in criminal matters. (Law Enforcement Directive, LED) The directive complements the GDPR and is based on the same general principles, while also guaranteeing a high level of public security. |
| 2016 | Directive 2016/681 on the use of passenger name record (PNR) data, regulating the use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data for the prevention, detection, investigation and prosecution of terrorist offences and serious crime. |
