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Although cloud storage and cloud processing of big data is widely accepted as safe, reliable, and cost-effective, companies have a multitude of reasons for using on-premise solutions instead. In many instances of the training and consulting work I’ve done for foreign governments and multinational corporations, cloud data storage was the ultimate “no-fly zone” that should never be breached. This is particularly true of businesses I’ve worked with in the Middle East, where local security concerns were voiced as a main deterrent for moving corporate or government data to the cloud.

Though the popularity of storing big data on-premise has waned in recent years, many companies have their reasons for not wanting to move to a cloud environment. If you find yourself in circumstances where cloud services aren’t an option, you’ll probably appreciate the following discussion about on-premise alternatives.

The Kubernetes and NoSQL databases described earlier in this chapter can be deployed on-premise as well as in a cloud environment.