Читать книгу The Handy Psychology Answer Book - Lisa J. Cohen - Страница 92

Behaviorism is best described as a theory of learning and, in fact, is often referred to as learning theory. However, the mental process of learning had to be translated into behavioral terms. Thus learning occurs when a new behavior is repeatedly and consistently performed in response to a given stimulus.

Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov stumbled upon the principles of classical conditioning while studying digestive processes in dogs. Unintentionally, he taught dogs to salivate at cues that signaled the arrival of food. The dogs learned to associate the ring of a bell (and other sounds) with the food that typically followed it.