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© 2013, 2014 by Logan Beirne

Preface © 2014 by Logan Beirne

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of Encounter Books, 900 Broadway, Suite 601, New York, New York, 10003.

First American edition published in 2013 by Encounter Books, an activity of Encounter for Culture and Education, Inc., a nonprofit, tax exempt corporation.

Encounter Books website address: www.encounterbooks.com

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 (R 1997) (Permanence of Paper).

First paperback edition published in 2014.

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS HAS CATALOGUED

THE HARDCOVER EDITION AS FOLLOWS:

Beirne, Logan

Blood of tyrants: George Washington & the forging of the presidency / Logan Beirne.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-59403-767-2 (ebook) 1. United States—History—Revolution, 1775–1783—Influence. 2. United States—History—Revolution, 1775–1783—Campaigns. 3. Washington, George, 1732–1799—Influence. 4. Washington, George, 1732–1799—Military leadership. 5. Strategic culture—United States—History. 6. Civil-military relations—United States—History. 7. Presidents—United States—Biography. 8. Generals—United States—Biography. 9. United States—Politics and government—1775–1783. 10. United States—Politics and government—1783–1809. I. Title.

E209.B37 2013

973.3—dc23

2012038961

Title Page: The Battle of Princeton. Photograph of painting by John Trumbull. Springfield, Mass.: Taber-Prang Art Co., c1900. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-USZ62-469. Part I: Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States. Painting by Howard Chandler Christy, 1940. Collection of the U.S. House of Representatives. Part II: The Battle of Bunker Hill. Copy of engraving by James Mitan after John Trumbull, 1808. National Archives, 148-GW-454 (George Washington Bicentennial Commission). Part III: Province of New York, 1767. Created by Bernard Ratzer. London: Jefferys & Faden, 1776. Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, G3804.N4 1767 .R3. Part IV: Last Moments of Major André. Copy of engraving by F. F. Walker after M. A. Wageman. New York: Virtue & Co. Publishers, 1861. Courtesy of the Author. Part V: The Victory Ball, 1781. Painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme Ferris, c1929. Courtesy of Virginia Historical Society. Part VI: Triumph of Patriotism, 1783. Copy of engraving by Alexander Hay Ritchie after Felix Octavius Carr Darley, 1853. National Archives, ARC ID 532881. Epilogue: The Prayer at Valley Forge. Copy of engraving by John C. McRae after Henry Brueckner. New York: John C. McRae, c1866. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, LC-DIG-pga-03965. Insert, first image: George Washington, 1796. Gilbert Stuart, American 1755–1828. Oil on Canvas, 121.28 x 93.98 cm (47¾ x 37 in.), Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. William Francis Warden Fund, John H. and Ernestine A. Payne Fund, Commonwealth Cultural Preservation Trust, and the National Portrait Gallery, Washington D.C., 1980.1.