Читать книгу The Unthinkable - Lois A. Schaffer - Страница 11

Preface

Guns have many names—assault weapons, firearms, pistols, revolvers—but they all have the same potential effect: death.

Martin Luther King Jr., John Lennon, John F. Kennedy Jr., Robert F. Kennedy—all American icons, were all victims of gun violence.

Our society vividly recalls the 1993 mass shooting on the Long Island Railroad carried out by a madman. The gunman murdered Dennis McCarthy, Congresswoman Carolyn McCarthy’s husband. Her son Kevin was permanently paralyzed, and James Gorycki died due to the same gunfire. These three men had become friends over the years as the result of traveling to work every morning on the same train. Congresswoman McCarthy’s response to the tragedy was in the Ottawa Sun: “I know it’s in the Constitution. But you know what? Enough! I think there should be a law—and I know this is extreme—that no one can have a gun in the US. If you have a gun, you go to jail. Only the police should have guns. It’s ridiculous.”

In 1999, the country was horrified by the mass shooting at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, in which fifteen people died and twenty-three were wounded.

The mass murders in 2007 at Virginia Tech in Blacksburg, Virginia, resulted in thirty-three dead and seventeen wounded.

In 2009, there were thirteen dead and thirty-four wounded at the Fort Hood, Texas, mass shooting.

The nation was again rocked just after the New Year in 2011 when a deranged shooter opened fire on Arizona’s Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, seriously wounding her and killing five people, including federal judge John Roll and nine-year-old Christina Taylor Green.

Then in 2012, the nation saw a rash of gun-related deaths and mass murders taking place like a spreading cancerous growth.

February A student at Ohio’s Chardon High School, T. J. Lane, went on a shooting rampage. Armed with his grandfather’s .22-caliber Ruger semiautomatic, he went to the high school, killing three students and injuring two others. On March 1, a New York Times article about the shooting written by Sabrina Tavernise and Jennifer Preston quoted neighbor and former sheriff Carl Henderson, who stated: “It was not unusual for guns to be kept in homes in this area.” I was amazed when I read that Henderson also said, “It’s too bad because no one would ever think something like this would happen.” The “Stand Your Ground” law was brought to public attention as the result of George Zimmerman’s shooting of seventeen-year-old Trayvon Martin in Florida. Twenty-four states have passed this law, giving individuals the right to carry semiautomatic weapons if they reasonably believe their lives may be in danger. Zimmerman had a legal gun permit, which is disturbing enough considering his history, but the “Stand Your Ground” law is a malignancy.

April One L. Goh, a former student at Oikos University in Oakland, California, shot and killed seven people.

July Devastation occurred at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado. The gunman, James Eagan Holmes, dispensed tear-gas grenades and then shot into the audience with multiple firearms, killing twelve and injuring fifty-eight.

August Wade Michael Page, a US Army veteran, opened fire at a Sikh temple in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, killing six and injuring four.

October Another shooting occurred at Salon Meritage hair salon in Seal Beach, California. The gunman, Scott Evans Dekraai, killed eight.

December Kansas City Chiefs linebacker Jovan Belcher’s murder-suicide in early December 2012 caused great anguish within the sports world and the nation. Belcher shot and killed his girlfriend, Kasandra M. Perkins, and then turned the gun on himself. Following this tragedy, noted sportswriter and newscaster Jason Whitlock wrote an article that correctly stated the obvious: “What I believe is, if he didn’t possess/own a gun, he and Kasandra would both be alive today.” In mid-December, the nation was stunned when news spread of the deadly massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. The gunman, Adam Lanza, was armed with three weapons when he went on a rampage that claimed the lives of seven adults and twenty children, who were only six to seven years of age. After seeing the arrival of first responders, Lanza committed suicide. Emotions were visible throughout the nation. People stopped in their tracks on the street, some shaking their heads in disbelief, others conspicuously crying. This atrocity deeply affected everyone because so many of the massacred victims were innocent children.

The Huffington Post conducted a survey just four months after the Newtown massacre. The survey recorded more than 2,240 gun deaths during this time period due to homicides and accidental shootings across the United States.

Further heartbreak occurred on January 29, 2013. Hadiya Pendleton, a fifteen-year-old honor student at Chicago’s King College Prep High School, was shot and killed while standing with her friends inside Harsh Park. The tragedy occurred only one week after she performed at the second inaugural events for President Barack Obama. The crime took place within a mile of President Obama’s Chicago home.

The gunmen—Michael Ward, eighteen, and Kenneth Williams, twenty—confessed that Pendleton was not the intended victim. They mistook the group she was standing with for members of a rival gang. The two were arrested and indicted for multiple counts of first-degree murder, attempted murder, and aggravated discharge of a weapon in addition to numerous other charges.

In mid-August 2013, three trigger-happy teens, in Duncan, Oklahoma, shot and killed twenty-two-year-old Christopher Lane of Melbourne, Australia. Lane, an Australian collegiate baseball player, was shot in the back while he was jogging by Chancey Allen Luna, sixteen, James Francis Edwards Jr., fifteen, and Michael Dewayne Jones, seventeen. When questioned by the police about their crime, they said it was for “the fun of it.”

There is a multitude of willful, intentional gun violence, but accidental deaths caused by guns also deserve mention. Indicative of this anguish was the unintentional shooting that occurred in Toms River, New Jersey, in April 2013. A six-year-old boy died after being shot by his four-year-old friend, who found a gun in his home.

David Hemenway, director of the Harvard Injury Control Research Center, conducted a study of accidental gun-related deaths from 2003 to 2007. Published in 2011, the study concluded that around six hundred and eighty Americans were killed accidentally by guns each year and that half of those victims were under twenty-five years of age. Further results indicated that children in the United States were eleven times more likely to die from an accidental gunshot wound than children in other countries.

“New Fashion Wrinkle: Stylishly Hiding the Gun” was the headline of a New York Times article on April 23, 2012, written by Matt Richtel. Mr. Richtel described in minute detail the growing popularity of garments manufactured to carry hidden weapons. Such a trend is beyond ludicrous.

At the Second Annual Sportsmen and Outdoor Awareness Day held in Albany’s legislative office building on January 25, 2011, Assemblywoman Michelle Schimel, who has fought arduously for tighter gun-control legislation, delivered an appeal to the attendees just after the tragic shootings in Tucson. In an impassioned statement referring to the powerful gun lobby, she said:

In light of the tragedy in Tucson, Arizona, it is my hope that discussions at the New York State Rifle and Pistol Association’s Legislative Awareness Day will focus on advancing sensible legislation that will keep the public safe by preventing guns from getting into the hands of the mentally ill, criminals, and terrorists. The tragedy of Arizona is a case study of all that is wrong with American gun laws. Citizens must demand more of their federal and state legislators to protect them from rampant, unnecessary gun violence.

In an article published July 17, 2011, journalist Frank Bruni stated: “Massacre after massacre hasn’t changed this nation’s mind-boggling blitheness about guns.” He was specifically referring to the newly elected, gun-toting, freshman Arizona state senator Lori Klein, who appeared just two days after the Arizona massacre for her swearing-in ceremony proudly showing off her Ruger. Senator Klein was questioned about her handgun, to which she replied, “Oh, it’s so cute.” Bruni responded in his article: “No, Senator Klein, it’s a potentially deadly weapon. When are you and the rest of the country going to wake up to that?”

In 2008, State Senator Eric Schneiderman (elected in 2010 as New York state attorney general) partnered with Assemblywoman Schimel to sponsor the Microstamping Bill, which would require legislation to encode or microstamp bullets in order to trace their origin. Schneiderman and Schimel admit that microstamping will not prevent gun violence, but at least it will be a viable means to assist law enforcement in tracing gun ownership. The Microstamping Bill was passed by the state assembly but has still not been passed by the Senate.

A poignant example for the need to pass the Microstamping Bill was made after the horrific shooting of Maurice Gordon in June 2010. Gordon, an off-duty customs and protection officer, was shot twenty-five times. Twenty-five shell casings were recovered, but still his murderer remains free. With only anonymous shell casings as evidence, the Gordon family has been denied justice and closure.

Andrew Cuomo compellingly stated the necessity for microstamping on November 2, 2010, during his gubernatorial campaign. He said:

We must keep our communities safe. Gun violence remains one of our most serious problems. We must enact common-sense safety laws, such as requiring the microstamping of guns. Microstamping, a pro-law enforcement, low-cost method of expanding the ability of police to identify guns used in illegal activities, would require all new semiautomatic handguns to be equipped with microscopic identifying markings, which are transferred to each cartridge when the firearm is fired.

Tragically, we learn daily about ordinary citizens who are murdered. Gun violence is a cancer on our society that is growing unchecked. A single bullet can extinguish the life of an innocent person. In the mass shooting in Tucson, Arizona, little Christina Taylor Green succumbed to one bullet to her chest. Constant gun violence occurs in homes, on the streets, in places of worship, in shopping areas, and on high school and college campuses—all because of the easy accessibility of handguns. When guns end up in the wrong hands, we see suicides, accidental deaths, and homicides. Handguns are easily obtained. They are often stolen. There is the gun-show loophole where anyone can purchase a gun “no questions asked.” We frequently read that someone on the police force was shot because a gun landed in the wrong hands.

After his election, New York’s Governor Andrew Cuomo further emphasized his concern about gun violence. His speech at a breakfast in which he forcefully reiterated how gun violence has impacted the lives of every citizen in Harlem on November 18, 2011, was reported in the Daily News. “This recent rash of gun violence should concern us all, because it’s frightening and it’s only getting worse,” he said. The governor made these concluding remarks: “It has been decades where we have been fighting Washington for sensible laws controlling guns, and we need those laws passed, and we need them passed now.”

An individual’s right to bear arms under the Constitution’s Second Amendment has caused heated controversy regarding gun possession between the pro-gun and gun-safety advocates.

It is a war being waged against the growing number of deaths due to gun violence between reasonable people and groups such as the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on the one side and the well-financed and unyielding power of the National Rifle Association (NRA) whose mantra is defense of the Second Amendment. Any concern the NRA may have to protect human life is outweighed by their almost fanatical desire to resist all regulation of firearms.

Leah Gunn Barrett, the executive director of the non-profit gun safety organization New Yorkers Against Gun Violence (NYAGV), said, “It’s interesting to note that the NRA receives millions of dollars each year from gun manufacturers, so in essence it is an industry organization, not a public grassroots, public-advocacy/gun-safety organization. Their main reason for resisting common-sense gun laws is that regulations such as background checks would cut into gun sales. Making guns with safety features such as chamber-load indicators, triggers with enough pressure so a child cannot pull the trigger, Smart Guns that can only be fired by their owners, would mean additional cost. It’s all about the bottom line.”

Gun-safety advocates accept the right to bear arms for hunting and legitimate self-defense purposes. Shooting animals is one thing—shooting human beings is another.

Richard Aborn, activist and New York City attorney, has worked tirelessly to prevent gun violence. He was president of Handgun Control, Inc. (now called the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence) when the Brady Bill and the Assault Weapons Ban were passed. At present, he is president of the Citizen Crime Commission of New York City and a board member of New Yorkers Against Gun Violence. In 1993, Mr. Aborn stated, “The NRA claimed that they vigorously fought [the Brady Bill] at every turn and every step—because it was the nose of the camel [under the tent]. Today we would like to tell you what the rest of the camel looks like.”

The gun lobby fiercely defends the Second Amendment right to bear arms. The National Rifle Association claims that guns should be owned by everyone as a matter of self-defense, asserting that therefore no deaths will occur. Such utter nonsense!

This salient point was expressed in Ellen Zelda Kessner’s book After the Violence, which was written more than thirty years ago. The book, a wrenching account of the murder in Los Angeles of her twenty-eight-year-old daughter Sheryl, describes the brutality of her death and the extremist power of the National Rifle Association. Mrs. Kessner writes about the conversation she had with the district attorney after the sentencing of her daughter’s murderer: “You still belong to Handgun Control?” he asked. Mrs. Kessner nodded her head to confirm that she did, surprised at the reaction of the district attorney, who repeated his NRA mantra: “If your son-in-law had a gun, your daughter would be alive today.”

Mrs. Kessner continues to articulate this twisted thinking:

Eleven years later, a double murder on my street confirmed the wrongness of this fantasy. Christmas Eve 1991, while my son’s former classmate was fleeing from her dangerous boyfriend to cousins in the Bronx, her dad, a retired court officer, knowing the rifle-toting stalker would come looking for her first in his house, sat braced in his kitchen with his gun cocked. But the boyfriend broke down the door and shot him first. Then he shot his son, a court officer, too. Also armed.

This is America, supposedly a humane society, and yet we witness tragic deaths daily due to gun violence.

Sensible legislation is continually being explored by thoughtful people and organizations. One of the proposals is to initiate a waiting period before one can own a gun. In 1993, US Attorney General Janet Reno stated, “Waiting periods are only a step. Registration is only a step. The prohibition of private firearms is the goal.” In that same year, Senator Charles Schumer of New York said, “We’re going to hammer guns on the anvil of relentless legislative strategy! We’re going to beat guns into submission!”

The Schumer and Reno quotes are humane but unrealistic in 2013 and just as uncompromising as the NRA. Gun safety individuals/organizations do not want to abolish legal gun ownership; rather the goal is to have reasonable discussions with gun lobbyists for sensible legislation. So it remains at a standstill.

Much has changed in the twenty-first century since the early 90s. Gun violence has escalated. The NRA has become more powerful than ever, adamantly unwilling to change their views regarding the Second Amendment. They consider background checks to be unconstitutional and, in some states, uphold the right to carry concealed weapons. Guns are sold at gun shows, no questions asked. The gun lobbyists believe if any of these measures is allowed, the “right to bear arms” will be “chipped” away. In 2009, New York Times journalist Bob Herbert stated, “We’re confiscating shampoo from carry-on luggage at airports while at the same time handing out high-powered weaponry to criminals and psychotics at gun shows.”

New Yorkers Against Gun Violence and the Brady Campaign are organizations noted for their intense commitment to sensible gun legislation. They understand that an individual has the right to hunt for sport and recreation, and they do not wish to prevent individuals from owning rifles with a legal permit for those purposes. Their focus is on preventing illegal handgun possession. Gun Free Kids is another organization that champions gun control, specifically focusing on the proliferation of guns on college campuses.

Kirsten Gillibrand, the junior senator from New York, was appointed by Governor David A. Patterson in 2009 to fill the US Senate seat vacated by Hillary Rodham Clinton after she became US secretary of state that same year.

Senator Gillibrand was a resident of upstate New York, where guns were widely accepted, as was her embrace of the NRA’s interpretation of the Second Amendment—which prompted them to grant her an A rating. Known for her campaigning expertise, Senator Gillibrand was twice elected to the United States House of Representatives from upstate New York’s twentieth congressional district, and although a progressive democrat, she was an opponent of strict gun control. As a senator and a representative of the greater metropolitan New York area, she has made a sharp shift to the left, particularly on gun control. It is heartening to note that her focus is now on keeping illegal guns out of cities, tracking data on illegal gun traffickers, and closing the gun show loophole. She voted against allowing firearms to be checked in baggage on Amtrak trains, and she has now earned an F rating from the NRA.

Although she was originally a supporter of the NRA’s interpretation of the Second Amendment, Senator Gillibrand’s reversal on the issue of illegal gun possession will hopefully initiate stronger legislation.

In 2006, two mayors—New York’s Michael Bloomberg and Boston’s Thomas Menino—formed the coalition group Mayors Against Illegal Guns at Gracie Mansion in New York City. These two distinguished mayors serve as cochairs of the group, which now includes more than five hundred US mayors.

Yet, in 2013, in spite of valiant attempts to outlaw the possession of illegal handguns, brutal, senseless, gun-related murders are still committed with regularity.