Читать книгу Genesis, A Royal Epic - Loren R. Fisher - Страница 6

Genesis 1:1—11:26

1:1 When Elohim first began to form1 the heavens and the earth,

2 The earth was devastation and desolation,2

Darkness was over [the] deep,3

The wind of Elohim was storming over the waters,4

3 Elohim said:

“Let there be light.”

There was light.

4 Elohim saw that the light was good.

Elohim divided between the light and between the darkness.

5 Elohim called the light day.

The darkness he called night.

There was evening.

There was morning:

Day one.5

6 Elohim said:

“Let there be a vault in the midst of the waters.

Let there be a division between waters and waters.”

7 Elohim made the vault.

He divided between the waters that were under the vault,

and between the waters that were above the vault.

So it was.6

8 Elohim called the vault heaven.

There was evening.

There was morning:

A second day.7

9 Elohim said:

“Let the waters under the heavens be pooled into one place.

Let the dry land appear.”

So it was.

10 Elohim called the dry land earth.

The pools8 of waters he called seas.

Elohim saw that it was good.

11 Elohim said:

“Let the earth produce vegetation

(plants that scatter seed, [and] fruit trees that bear fruit

of their kind in which is their seed)9 upon the earth.”

So it was.

12 The earth brought forth vegetation

(plants that scatter seed of their kind, and trees

that bear fruit in which is their seed of their kind).

Elohim saw that it was good.

13 There was evening.

There was morning:

A third day.

14 Elohim said:

“Let there be lights in the vault of the heavens

to divide between the day and between the night;

they will be for signs and seasons and for days and years;

15 they will be for lights in the vault of the heavens to give

light upon the earth.”

So it was.

16 Elohim made the two great lights,

the greater light to rule the day

and the lesser light to rule the night,

and the stars.

17 Elohim placed them in the vault of the heavens,

to give light upon the earth,

18 to rule in the day and in the night,

and to divide between the light and between the darkness.

Elohim saw that it was good.

19 There was evening.

There was morning:

A fourth day.

20 Elohim said:

“Let the waters swarm with swarms of living beings.

Let birds fly about—above the earth

and under the vault of the heavens.”

21 Elohim formed the great sea monsters,

and all the living beings—

the moving ones who swarmed in the waters—with their kind,

and all the birds of wing with their kind.

Elohim saw that it was good.

22 Elohim blessed them saying:

“Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the waters in the seas,

and let the birds multiply on the earth.”

23 There was evening.

There was morning:

A fifth day.

24 Elohim said:

“Let the earth bring forth living beings with their kind:

domestic animals, moving ones, and wild animals with

their kind.”

So it was.

25 Elohim made the wild animals with their kind,

the domestic animals with their kind,

and all the moving ones of the ground with their kind.

Elohim saw that it was good.

26 Elohim said:

“Let us make human beings10 in our11 image—after our likeness;

they will supervise the fish of the sea,

the birds of the heavens, the domestic animals,

all of the earth, and all the ones who move upon the earth.”

27 Elohim formed the human beings in his image;

in the image of Elohim he formed them;12

male and female he formed them.

28 Elohim blessed them;

Elohim said to them:

“Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth;

make it a servant; and supervise the fish of the sea,

the birds of the heavens, and all the living ones

who move upon the earth.”

29 Elohim said:

“See, I give you every plant that scatters

seed that is upon all the earth and every tree that scatters

seed (that is in the fruit of the tree); it will be yours for food.

30 To all the wild animals, to all the birds of the heavens,

and to all the ones who move upon the earth

(that are living beings), [I give] all the green plants for food.”

So it was.

31 Elohim saw all that he had made, and behold, it was very

good.

There was evening.

There was morning:

The sixth day.13

2:1 The heavens and the earth were finished and all their entourage.

2 Elohim finished14 on the seventh day15 his work that he had been doing.

He rested on the seventh day from all his work that he had done.

3 Elohim blessed the seventh day; he hallowed it,

because on it he rested from all his work that as Elohim,

the maker, he had formed.

2:4 These are the stories of the heavens and the earth since their

formation.16

On another day17 when Yahweh-Elohim was about to make earth and heavens,

5 there was as yet no wild shrub on the earth,

as yet no wild grass had sprouted,

because Yahweh-Elohim had not sent rain upon the earth,

and there was no human (’adam) to till the ground (’adamah),

6 but a flood began flowing from the netherworld,

and watered the entire surface of the ground,18

7 Yahweh-Elohim formed the human [from] the clay19 of the ground;

he blew into his nostrils the breath of life;

the human became a living being.20

8 Yahweh-Elohim planted a garden in Eden, in the east;

he placed there the human whom he had formed.

9 Yahweh-Elohim caused to sprout from the ground

every tree desirable in appearance and good for food,

and the tree of life was in the middle of the garden

and also the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

10 (A river flows out of Eden to water the garden,

and from there it separates; it becomes four branches.

11 The name of the first is Pishon;

it is the one that flows around the entire land of Havilah,

in which there is the gold.

12 The gold of that land is excellent.

The bdellium is there and the shoham21 gems.

13 The name of the second river is Gihon;

it is the one that flows around the entire land of Cush.

14 The name of the third river is Tigris;

it runs east of Asshur,

and the name of the fourth river is Euphrates.)

15 Yahweh-Elohim took the human;

he settled him in the garden of Eden to till it and guard it.

16 Yahweh-Elohim commanded the human, saying:

“From every tree of the garden you may certainly eat,

17 except from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil,22

you shall not eat of it,

because when you eat of it,

you shall certainly die.”

18 Yahweh-Elohim said:

“It is not good for the human to be alone;

I will make for him a helper just like him.”

19 Yahweh-Elohim formed from the ground all the wild animals

and all the birds of the heavens.

He brought [them] to the human to see what he called them,

and whatever the human called each of the living beings,

that was its name.

20 The human gave names to all the domestic animals,

to the birds of the heavens, and to all the wild animals,

but as for the human, he did not find a helper just like him.

21 Yahweh-Elohim cast a deep sleep upon the human;

he slept. He took one of his ribs;

He closed the flesh there.

22 Yahweh-Elohim built up the rib,

which he had taken from the human, into a woman;

he brought her to the human.

23 The human said:

“This one, at last, is bone of my bones

And flesh of my flesh.

This one shall be called woman (’ishshah),

For from man (’ish) this one was taken.”

24 Therefore a man leaves his father and his mother;

He is joined with his wife;

They become one flesh.23

25 The two of them were naked (‘arummim)—

the human and his wife,

and they were not ashamed.

3:1 Now the serpent was the wisest (‘arum) of all

the wild animals that Yahweh-Elohim had made;

he said to the woman:

“Indeed, did Elohim really say,

‘From every tree of the garden

you shall not eat?’ ”

2 The woman said to the serpent:

“From the fruit of the trees of the garden we may eat,

3 but from the fruit of the tree that is in the midst of the garden,

Elohim said, ‘You shall not eat from it,

and you shall not touch it,

or you shall die.’”

4 The serpent said to the woman:

“Surely, you shall not die;

5 Elohim knows that when you eat from it

your eyes will be opened;

you will be like gods—ones who know good and evil.”24

6 The woman saw that the tree was good for food,

that it was a delight to the eyes,

and that the tree was desired to make one wise.

She took from its fruit; she ate.

Also when she gave [some] to her husband,

who was with her, he ate.

7 The eyes of both of them were opened;

they knew that they were naked (‘erummim).

They sewed together fig leaves;

they made for themselves loincloths.

8 They heard the voice of Yahweh-Elohim,

who was walking about in the garden at the windy time of day;

the human and his wife hid from Yahweh-Elohim,

among the trees of the garden.

9 Yahweh-Elohim called to the human.

He said to him:

“Where are you?”

10 He said:

“I heard your voice in the garden;

I was afraid,

because I was naked (‘erom).

I hid.”

11 He said:

“Who told you that you were naked (‘erom)?

Did you eat from the tree that I had commanded you not to

eat?”

12 The human said:

“The woman, whom you gave to be with me,

she gave to me from the tree! I ate.”

13 Yahweh-Elohim said to the woman:

“What is this that you have done?”

The woman said:

“The serpent deceived me! I ate.”

14 Yahweh-Elohim said to the serpent:

“Because you have done this,

Cursed (’arur) are you—

More than all domestic animals,

More than all wild animals.

On your belly you shall go,25

And dirt26 you shall eat—

All the days of your life.

15 Hostility I will put between you

And between the woman—

Between your descendants,

And between her descendants.

They shall attack you frontally;

You shall attack them from behind.”

16 To the woman he said:

“I will multiply your pains from your pregnancies;

In labor27 you will bear children.

Your desire is for your husband,

But he will rule you.”28

17 To the29 human he said:

“Because you listened to the voice of your wife,30

You ate from the tree

About which I had commanded you saying,

‘You shall not eat from it.’

Cursed (’arurah) be the ground on account of you;

In labor31 you shall eat it32—

All the days of your life.

18 Thorns and thistles it shall sprout for you.

You shall eat the wild grass.

19 By the sweat of your brow you shall eat food,

Until you return to the ground,

For from it you were taken.

For you are clay,

And to clay you shall return.”33

20 The human called forth the name of his wife, “Eve” (hawwah),34

because she was the mother of all living (hay).

21 Yahweh-Elohim made for the human and his wife garments of

skins;

he clothed them.

22 Yahweh-Elohim said:

“Yes, the human has become like one of us,35

knowing good and evil, so now,

he must not reach out his hand,

taking also from the tree of life,

he would eat and live forever!”36

23 Yahweh-Elohim sent him from the garden of Eden,

to till the ground from which he was taken;

24 he drove out the human;

he stationed, east of the garden of Eden,

the cherubim and the flaming sword,

which turned every way to guard the way to the tree of life.

4:1 Now the human knew Eve, his wife.

She conceived; she bore Cain (qayin).

She said:

“I have procreated (qaniti) a man with Yahweh.”

2 Next she gave birth to his brother Abel.

Abel became a keeper of flocks,

and Cain became a tiller of the ground.

3 In the course of time,

Cain brought from the fruit of the ground an offering to Yahweh,

4 and Abel, he also brought from the firstborn of his flock

and from their choice portions.

Yahweh paid attention to Abel and to his offering,

5 but to Cain and to his offering he paid no attention.

Cain became very angry; he became downcast.

6 Yahweh said to Cain:

“Why are you angry?

Why are you so down?

7 Is it not true [that],

Either you do well

[And you] are upbeat,

Or you don’t do well,

[And so in this case],

Sin is the demon,37

[Who is] at the door?

His desire is for you,

But you will rule him.”38

8 Cain spoke39 against Abel, his brother;

when they were in the field,

Cain rose up against Abel, his brother;

he killed him.

9 Yahweh said to Cain:

“Where is Abel your brother?”

He said to him:

“I do not know. Am I my brother’s keeper?”

10 He said:

“What have you done?

The voice of the blood of your brother is crying to me from

the ground,

11 and now you are cursed from the ground

that has opened its mouth

to receive your brother’s blood from your hand.

12 When you till the ground,

it will never again give its strength to you;

a vagrant and a wanderer (nad) you shall be on the earth.”

13 Cain said to Yahweh:

“My iniquity is too great to be lifted up.

14 It is clear;

this day you drove me from the face of the ground,

and from your face I shall hide.

I shall be a vagrant and a wanderer (nad) on earth,

for anyone who finds me will kill me.”

15 Yahweh said to him:

“Therefore, anyone who kills Cain

shall receive sevenfold vengeance.”

Yahweh put a mark on Cain,

so that no one who found him would strike him.

16 Cain went out from the presence of Yahweh;

he settled in the land of Nod,40 east of Eden.

17 Cain knew his wife.

She conceived; she bore Enoch.

He41 was the builder of a city.

He called the name of the city after the name of his son, Enoch.

18 To Enoch was born Irad.

Irad fathered Mehujael.

Mehujael fathered Methushael.

Methushael fathered Lamech.

19 Lamech took for himself two wives.

The name of the one was Adah,

and the name of the other was Zillah.

20 Adah bore Jabal.

He was the “father”42 of those who dwell with tents and herds.

21 The name of his brother was Jubal.

He was the “father” of all who are skilled with lyre and pipe.

22 Also, Zillah bore Tubal-Cain,

the master craftsman of all who are workers with copper and iron

(and the sister of Tubal-Cain was Naamah).

23 Lamech said to his wives:

“Adah and Zillah, listen to me;43

Wives of Lamech, give ear to my speech.

Yes,44 I have slain a man for my wounds—

And even a young child for my blows.

24 Yes, Cain will be avenged sevenfold,

But, Lamech seventy and seven.”

25 Adam45 knew his wife again.

She bore a son.

She called forth his name, “Seth,” because, [she continued,]46

“Elohim set47 for me another offspring in the place of Abel,

for his killer was Cain.”

26 Also to Seth, a son was born.

He called forth his name, “Enosh.”48

Then it was begun: calling on Yahweh by name.49

5:1a This is the document of the stories of Adam.

1b When Elohim was forming human beings (’adam),

in the likeness of Elohim he made them;

2 male and female he formed them.

He blessed them; he called forth their name, “Adam,”50

when they were formed.51

3 Adam52 lived a hundred and thirty years;

he fathered [a son], in his likeness after his image;

he called forth his name, “Seth.”

4 The days of Adam were, after he fathered Seth,

eight hundred years. He fathered sons and daughters.

5 When all the days of Adam, that he lived,

equaled nine hundred and thirty years, he died.

6 Seth lived a hundred and five years; he fathered Enosh.

7 Seth lived, after he fathered Enosh,

eight hundred and seven years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

8 When all the days of Seth

equaled nine hundred and twelve years, he died.

9 Enosh lived ninety years; he fathered Kenan.

10 Enosh lived, after he fathered Kenan,

eight hundred and fifteen years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

11 When all the days of Enosh

equaled nine hundred and five years, he died.

12 Kenan lived seventy years; he fathered Mahalalel.

13 Kenan lived, after he fathered Mahalalel,

eight hundred and forty years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

14 When all the days of Kenan

equaled nine hundred and ten years, he died.

15 Mahalalel lived sixty-five years; he fathered Jared.

16 Mahalalel lived, after he fathered Jared,

eight hundred and thirty years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

17 When all the days of Mahalalel

equaled eight hundred and ninety-five years, he died.

18 Jared lived a hundred and sixty-two years; he fathered Enoch.

19 Jared lived, after he fathered Enoch,

eight hundred years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

20 When all the days of Jared

equaled nine hundred and sixty-two years, he died.

21 Enoch lived sixty-five years; he fathered Methuselah.

22 Enoch walked with the gods,53 after he fathered Methuselah,

three hundred years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

23 Now all the days of Enoch

equaled three hundred and sixty-five.

24 Enoch walked with the gods;

then he was no more, because Elohim took him.

25 Methuselah lived a hundred and eighty-seven years;

he fathered Lamech.

26 Methuselah lived, after he fathered Lamech,

seven hundred and eighty-two years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

27 When all the days of Methuselah

equaled nine hundred and sixty-nine, he died.

28 Lamech lived a hundred and eighty-two years; he fathered a son.

29 He called forth his name, “Noah,” saying,

“This one will comfort us from our work,

And from the toil of our hands,

From the ground that Yahweh cursed.”54

30 Lamech lived, after he fathered Noah,

five hundred and ninety-five years.

He fathered sons and daughters.

31 When all the days of Lamech

equaled seven hundred and seventy-seven, he died.

32 When Noah was five hundred years old,

Noah fathered Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

6:1 When the human beings began to multiply,

upon the face of the ground,

and daughters were born to them,

2 the sons of the gods saw that the daughters

of the human beings were beautiful,

they took for themselves wives from any of those they chose.

3 Yahweh said:

“My spirit cannot be bottled up55 in human beings forever,

Inasmuch as, they are flesh.

Their days will be a hundred and twenty years.”

4 The Nephilim56 were on earth in those days, and afterwards,

for the sons of the gods did mate with the daughters of the human

beings;

they bore [children] to them—

they were the heroes of old,

the men of renown.

5 Yahweh saw how great was the evil of the human beings on the

earth,

and how every form of the thoughts of their minds was only evil, all

of the day.

6 Yahweh regretted that he had made the human beings on the earth.

He was in labor with his thoughts.57

7 Yahweh said:

“I will blot out the human beings whom I formed,

from upon the face of the ground—

from human beings to domestic animals,

to moving ones, and to the birds of the heavens,

because I regret that I made them.”

8 But Noah found favor in the eyes of Yahweh.

9a These are the stories of Noah.

9b Noah was a righteous man;

He was perfect in his generation.

With the gods,58 Noah walked.

10 Noah fathered three sons:

Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

11 The earth was found corrupt before the gods;59

The earth was full of violence.

12 Elohim saw the earth;

Yes, it was corrupt,

For all flesh60 had corrupted their ways upon earth.

13 Elohim said to Noah:

“The end of all flesh was declared before me,61

for the earth is filled with violence because of [all flesh],62

and yes, I am the one who shall destroy [all flesh] with the

earth.

14 Make for yourself an ark of gopher planks.

Of reeds63 you shall make the ark.

You shall pitch it—inside and outside—with pitch.

15 This is how you shall make it:

the ark shall be three hundred cubits long,

its width fifty cubits,

and its height thirty cubits.

16 A sky-light you shall make for the ark.

You shall finish it a cubit higher.

Now you shall put the door of the ark in its side.

With a lower, a second, and a third [deck] you shall make it.

17 Certainly, I am the one who shall bring the flood—

waters upon the earth—

to destroy all flesh that has in it spirit of life under the

heavens.

All which is on the earth will perish.

18 But I will establish my covenant with you;

you shall come into the ark,

you and your sons, and your wife,

and the wives of your sons with you.

19 And from all the living, from all flesh, two from all,

you shall bring to the ark to live with you;

male and female, they shall be.

20 And from the birds with their kind,

and from the domestic animals with their kind,

and from all the moving ones of the ground with their kind,

two from all [kinds] will come to you to be kept alive.

21 And you, take for yourself from all food that is eaten;

you shall gather [it] unto you;

It will be for you and for them to eat.”

22 Noah did according to all that Elohim commanded him, so he did.

7:1 Yahweh said to Noah:

“Enter, you and all your house, into the ark,

for I have found that you are righteous before me in this age.

2 From all the clean domestic animals,

you shall take seven [and] seven, a male and his mate,

and from the domestic animals that are not clean,

it is two, a male and his mate,

3 also, from the birds of the heavens,

seven [and] seven, male and female,

to keep alive seed upon the face of all the earth.

4 For in seven days, I am the one who shall bring rain upon the

earth

—forty days and forty nights;

I will blot out all who stand,

that I made upon the face of the ground.”

5 Noah did according to all that Yahweh commanded him.

6 Noah was six hundred years old, and then the flood came—

waters upon the earth.

7 Noah, with his sons, his wife, and the wives of his sons,

entered the ark because of the waters of the flood.

8 From the clean domestic animals,

from the domestic animals that are not clean,

from the birds, and all the ones that move upon the ground,

9 as pairs, they entered to Noah,

into the ark, male and female,

as Elohim had commanded Noah.

10 After seven days, the waters of the flood came upon the earth.

11 In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life,

in the second month,

on the seventeenth day of the month,

on that day,

they burst forth all fountains of [the] great deep,64

and the windows of the heavens were opened.

12 Then came the rain upon the earth,

forty days and forty nights.

13 On that very day,

Noah entered, with Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah,

with his wife, and the three wives of his sons into the ark—

14 they and all the living with their kind:

all the domestic animals with their kind,

all the moving ones, the ones who move upon the earth, with their

kind,

and all the birds with their kind—all birds of every wing.

15 They came to Noah, into the ark as pairs,

From all the flesh that had within it spirit of life.

16 The ones who entered were male and female from all flesh;