Читать книгу Emergency Incident Management Systems - Mark Warnick S., Louis N. Molino Sr - Страница 74

In Germany, their IMS method is known as Dienstvorschrift 100 (DV 100), Leadership and Command in Emergency Operations. The regulation of DV 100 was approved by the Board of Firefighting Affairs in Germany around the year of 2007. It is a regulation that was designed in a way that it was in harmony with the German Federal Constitution and allowed the states to be autonomous. DV 100 is a regulation that explains the command and control system for Germany, and it places the responsibility for emergency response to the 16 states within the boundaries of Germany. DV 100 was implemented in 1999 among the fire service, then later implemented by other national organizations. Since 1999, it appears to have become the single system utilized in Germany for the purposes of incident management (Dienstvorschrift, 2007).

Much like the ICS method developed in the United States, the roots of this method of IMS came from the fire service: it was later transformed to an all‐hazards IMS method, for use in all types of incident. Also similar to the NIMS and its companion ICS, the DV 100 system is flexible and allows operational leaders to make basic decisions based on the circumstances evolving around them. The DV 100 system relies on motivated staff as a key to success, and much like NIMS, it does not micromanage operations. It allows operational flexibility to tactical crews so that they can achieve the mission's goals without being micromanaged. This IMS method is different because it identifies the disposition that the Incident Commander (IC) should possess, and the leadership styles that should be used. In most instances, it calls for the Cooperative Leadership, with an Authoritarian Leadership Style as needed. This regulation calls on the Incident Commander (IC) to be both confident and competent (Dienstvorschrift, 2007).

Confidence and competency are based on the protocols for an Incident Commander (IC). Requirements to serve as an Incident Commander (IC) include specific training and qualifications. To serve as an Incident Commander (IC) usually requires 24 months of training that helps ensure that they are competent in operational leadership. In most instances, it is also required that the candidate who wishes to become an Incident Commander (IC) must possess the minimum of a bachelor's degree, thereby putting an importance on higher education. Individuals are groomed and developed over a period of time to become specialists within their defined roles (Dienstvorschrift, 2007).

DV 100 has several mandates that require a noticeable involvement of elected officials. In this IMS method, elected officials are required to have a more hands‐on role than the method used in the United States. In extended response and/or in major incidents, the overall command is held by the local or regional elected official (or authority). This might be a governor, a mayor, or some other political figure. To guarantee that the regulation is obeyed, they must oversee administrative‐organization‐component and the operative‐tactical component. An administrative council is required by DV 100 so that quick decisions can be made to help manage major incidents. This council is tasked with focusing on political conditions, financial responsibilities, and other administrative tasks. This allows operation‐tactical‐component to focus on operations (Dienstvorschrift, 2007).

The Incident Commander (IC) is charged with managing the operational‐tactical‐component. They will use a continuous process of analyzing the situation, assessing the situation and deciding a plan of action, and implementing directives or orders. This is the German method for planning the response to an incident, where the United States uses the Planning P (Chapter 15). In assessing the situation phase, reconnaissance is heavily emphasized as an important factor to mitigating or ending the incident (Dienstvorschrift, 2007)

It should be noted that the arrangement of personnel commanded by the Incident Commander is similar to that of the ICS method. They have varying levels of responsibility and specific jobs. Technical and tactical considerations are handled by these individuals, based on their assigned position (Dienstvorschrift, 2007)

The synopsis of the DV 100 is a quick review; it is not a detailed analysis. While many portions of DV 100 are similar to NIMS and its companion IMS method, ICS, however, they are not exactly alike. An entire book could be written on the differences between the two, so it is strongly suggested that the reader do a more in‐depth study on the German system to gain a better understanding.

While not very much information could be found, it appears that hospitals in Germany use the Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) to manage disasters and in‐house emergencies. The lack of information could be related to security protocols, or it could be due to just a lack of information sharing. It appears that Germany began researching and preparing to use Hospital Incident Command System (HICS) since approximately 2005.