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CONTENTS

Preface to the Second Edition

Some Preliminary Observations Concerning Praxeology Instead of an Introduction

1 The Permanent Substratum of Epistemology

2 On Action

3 On Economics

4 The Starting Point of Praxeological Thinking

5 The Reality of the External World

6 Causality and Teleology

7 The Category of Action

8 The Sciences of Human Action

CHAPTER 1 The Human Mind

1 The Logical Structure of the Human Mind

2 A Hypothesis about the Origin of the A Priori Categories

3 The A Priori

4 The A Priori Representation of Reality

5 Induction

6 The Paradox of Probability Empiricism

7 Materialism

8 The Absurdity of Any Materialistic Philosophy

CHAPTER 2 The Activistic Basis of Knowledge

1 Man and Action

2 Finality

3 Valuation

4 The Chimera of Unified Science

5 The Two Branches of the Sciences of Human Action

6 The Logical Character of Praxeology

7 The Logical Character of History

8 The Thymological Method

CHAPTER 3 Necessity and Volition

1 The Infinite

2 The Ultimate Given

3 Statistics

4 Free Will

5 Inevitability

CHAPTER 4 Certainty and Uncertainty

1 The Problem of Quantitative Definiteness

2 Certain Knowledge

3 The Uncertainty of the Future

4 Quantification and Understanding in Acting and in History

5 The Precariousness of Forecasting in Human Affairs

6 Economic Prediction and the Trend Doctrine

7 Decision-Making

8 Confirmation and Refutability

9 The Examination of Praxeological Theorems

CHAPTER 5 On Some Popular Errors Concerning the Scope and Method of Economics

1 The Research Fable

2 The Study of Motives

3 Theory and Practice

4 The Pitfalls of Hypostatization

5 On the Rejection of Methodological Individualism

6 The Approach of Macroeconomics

7 Reality and Play

8 Misinterpretation of the Climate of Opinion

9 The Belief in the Omnipotence of Thought

10 The Concept of a Perfect System of Government

11 The Behavioral Sciences

CHAPTER 6 Further Implications of the Neglect of Economic Thinking

1 The Zoological Approach to Human Problems

2 The Approach of the “Social Sciences”

3 The Approach of Economics

4 A Remark about Legal Terminology

5 The Sovereignty of the Consumers

CHAPTER 7 The Epistemological Roots of Monism

1 The Nonexperimental Character of Monism

2 The Historical Setting of Positivism

3 The Case of the Natural Sciences

4 The Case of the Sciences of Human Action

5 The Fallacies of Positivism

CHAPTER 8 Positivism and the Crisis of Western Civilization

1 The Misinterpretation of the Universe

2 The Misinterpretation of the Human Condition

3 The Cult of Science

4 The Epistemological Support of Totalitarianism

5 The Consequences

Index

Notes

The Ultimate Foundation of Economic Science

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