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CONTENTS

Editor’s Note

Introduction

1 Methodological Dualism

2 Economics and Metaphysics

3 Regularity and Prediction

4 The Concept of the Laws of Nature

5 The Limitations of Human Knowledge

6 Regularity and Choosing

7 Means and Ends

PART 1 Value

CHAPTER 1 Judgments of Value

1 Judgments of Value and Propositions of Existence

2 Valuation and Action

3 The Subjectivity of Valuation

4 The Logical and Syntactical Structure of Judgments of Value

CHAPTER 2 Knowledge and Value

1 The Bias Doctrine

2 Common Weal versus Special Interests

3 Economics and Value

4 Bias and Intolerance

CHAPTER 3 The Quest for Absolute Values

1 The Issue

2 Conflicts within Society

3 A Remark on the Alleged Medieval Unanimity

4 The Idea of Natural Law

5 Revelation

6 Atheistic Intuition

7 The Idea of Justice

8 The Utilitarian Doctrine Restated

9 On Aesthetic Values

10 The Historical Significance of the Quest for Absolute Values

CHAPTER 4 The Negation of Valuation

PART 2 Determinism and Materialism

CHAPTER 5 Determinism and Its Critics

1 Determinism

2 The Negation of Ideological Factors

3 The Free-Will Controversy

4 Foreordination and Fatalism

5 Determinism and Penology

6 Determinism and Statistics

7 The Autonomy of the Sciences of Human Action

CHAPTER 6 Materialism

1 Two Varieties of Materialism

2 The Secretion Analogy

3 The Political Implications of Materialism

CHAPTER 7 Dialectical Materialism

1 Dialectics and Marxism

2 The Material Productive Forces

3 The Class Struggle

4 The Ideological Impregnation of Thought

5 The Conflict of Ideologies

6 Ideas and Interests

7 The Class Interests of the Bourgeoisie

8 The Critics of Marxism

9 Marxian Materialism and Socialism

CHAPTER 8 Philosophy of History

1 The Theme of History

2 The Theme of the Philosophy of History

3 The Difference between the Point of View of History and That of Philosophy of History

4 Philosophy of History and the Idea of God

5 Activistic Determinism and Fatalistic Determinism

PART 3 Epistemological Problems of History

CHAPTER 9 The Concept of Historical Individuality

1 The Ultimate Given of History

2 The Role of the Individual in History

3 The Chimera of the Group Mind

4 Planning History

CHAPTER 10 Historicism

1 The Meaning of Historicism

2 The Rejection of Economics

3 The Quest for Laws of Historical Change

4 Historicist Relativism

5 Dissolving History

6 Undoing History

7 Undoing Economic History

CHAPTER 11 The Challenge of Scientism

1 Positivism and Behaviorism

2 The Collectivist Dogma

3 The Concept of the Social Sciences

4 The Nature of Mass Phenomena

CHAPTER 12 Psychology and Thymology

1 Naturalistic Psychology and Thymology

2 Thymology and Praxeology

3 Thymology as a Historical Discipline

4 History and Fiction

5 Rationalization

6 Introspection

CHAPTER 13 Meaning and Use of the Study of History

1 The Why of History

2 The Historical Situation

3 History of the Remote Past

4 Falsifying History

5 History and Humanism

6 History and the Rise of Aggressive Nationalism

7 History and Judgments of Value

CHAPTER 14 The Epistemological Features of History

1 Prediction in the Natural Sciences

2 History and Prediction

3 The Specific Understanding of History

4 Thymological Experience

5 Real Types and Ideal Types

PART 4 The Course of History

CHAPTER 15 Philosophical Interpretations of History

1 Philosophies of History and Philosophical Interpretations of History

2 Environmentalism

3 The Egalitarians’ Interpretation of History

4 The Racial Interpretation of History

5 The Secularism of Western Civilization

6 The Rejection of Capitalism by Antisecularism

CHAPTER 16 Present-Day Trends and the Future

1 The Reversal of the Trend toward Freedom

2 The Rise of the Ideology of Equality in Wealth and Income

3 The Chimera of a Perfect State of Mankind

4 The Alleged Unbroken Trend toward Progress

5 The Suppression of “Economic” Freedom

6 The Uncertainty of the Future

Index