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INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER I: BEOWULF

Introduction

The Story. The Coming and Passing of Scyld

Hrothgar’s Hall

Grendel

Beowulf

Hrothgar and Beowulf

The Quarrel

Beowulf and Grendel

Grendel’s Mother

The Fight with Grendel’s Mother

Beowulf’s Return

Fifty Years After

Beowulf and the Fire-Dragon

Beowulf Faces Death

Beowulf’s Death

CHAPTER II: THE DREAM OF MAXEN WLEDIG

The Position of Constantine

The Emperor Maxen Wledig

The Emperor’s Malady

The Dream of the Emperor

The Quest for the Maiden

The Finding of the Maiden

The Dream Realized

CHAPTER III: THE STORY OF CONSTANTINE AND ELENE

The Greatness of Constantine Provokes Attack

The Eve of the Battle

Vision of the Cross

Constantine is Cheered

The Morning of Battle

The Cross is Raised

A Council Summoned

Constantine Desires to Find our Saviour’s Cross

Summons his Mother Elene

Elene’s Vision

She Undertakes the Quest

She Comes to Judæa

She Cross-questions the Rabbis

One Appointed to Answer her

She Threatens him

He Guides her to Calvary

Three Crosses Found

A Miracle to Reveal our Saviour’s Cross

The Nails Sought for

Good News Brought to Constantine

CHAPTER IV: THE COMPASSION OF CONSTANTINE

Youth of Constantine

Acclaimed Emperor

Becomes a Leper

Rewards Offered for his Cure

A Desperate Remedy

Constantine Assents Regretfully

A Cruel Proclamation

Constantine is Conscience-stricken

His Noble Resolve

He Announces his Determination

The Victims Sent Home Happy

A Vision

Sylvester Summoned

Constantine Baptized

CHAPTER V: HAVELOK THE DANE

The Origin of the Story

Havelok and Godard

Goldborough and Earl Godrich

Havelok Becomes Cook’s Boy

Havelok and Goldborough

The Revelation and Return to Denmark

Havelok and Ubbe

The Death of Godard

Death of Godrich

CHAPTER VI: HOWARD THE HALT

Introduction

Icelandic Ghosts

The Story. Howard and Thorbiorn

Olaf Meets Sigrid

Thorbiorn Insults Olaf

Olaf and the Wizard’s Ghost

Olaf’s Second Fight with the Ghost

Olaf Meets Thorbiorn

The Combat

A New Enemy Comes

Olaf’s Death

Howard Claims Wergild for Olaf

Howard at the Thing

Howard and Thorbiorn

Guest and Howard

Guest’s Judgment and the Payment of the Wergild

Biargey and her Brethren

Valbrand

Thorbrand and Asbrand

The Arousing of Howard

Howard Gathers his Friends

Howard’s Plan

Thorbiorn’s Return

Thorbiorn’s Death

Steinthor Shelters Howard

The Thing and Guest’s Award

CHAPTER VII: ROLAND, THE HERO OF EARLY FRANCE

The Roland Legends

The Historic Basis

A Spanish Version

The Italian Orlando

Roland in French Literature

The “Chanson de Roland”

The Story

The Saracen Council

Blancandrin’s Advice

An Embassy to Charlemagne

Reception by Charlemagne

He is Perplexed

He Consults his Twelve Peers

Roland Speaks

Ganelon Objects

“Who Shall Go to Saragossa?”

Roland Suggests Ganelon

Ganelon is Angry

He Threatens Roland

But is Sent

He Plots with Marsile’s Messengers

To Betray Roland

Ganelon with the Saracens

Marsile’s Anger

The Saracen Council

Ganelon Plans Treachery

Welcomed by Marsile

Ganelon Returns to Charles

The French Camp. Charles Dreams

A Morning Council

Roland for the Rearguard

Charles is Sad

The Saracen Pursuit

Oliver Descries the Saracens

Roland will not Blow his Horn

It is Too Late

Turpin Blesses the Knights

“Montjoie! Montjoie!”

The Fray

The Saracens Perish

A Second Saracen Army

Gloomy Portents

Many French Knights Fall

The Second Army Defeated

A Third Appears

Roland Willing to Blow his Horn

Oliver Objects. They Quarrel

Turpin Mediates

The Horn is Blown

Ganelon Arrested

Charles Returns

Roland Weeps for his Comrades

He Fights Desperately

Oliver Falls

And Dies

Turpin is Mortally Wounded. The Horn Again

Charles Answers the Horn

Turpin Blesses the Dead

He Dies

Roland’s Last Fight

He Tries to Break his Sword

His Last Prayer

He Dies

Charles Arrives

His Lament

The Dead Buried

Aude the Fair

The Traitor Put to Death

CHAPTER VIII: THE COUNTESS CATHLEEN

Celtic Mysticism

The Cathleen Legend

The Story. Happy Ireland

The Young Countess

Dearth and Famine

Distress of the Peasants

The Misery Increases

Cathleen Heartbroken for her People

Her Wide Charity

Lawlessness Breaks Out

Cathleen Has an Inspiration

She Summons her Steward

Demands to Know what Wealth she Owns

“Go Far and Buy Food”

The Steward Reluctantly Obeys

Buys Stores in England

His Return Delayed

Deepening Misery in Ireland

Two Mysterious Strangers

Their Strange Story

Mysterious Behaviour

Professed Errand of Mercy

A New Traffic

Buyers of Souls

Slow Trade at First

Trade Increases

Cathleen Hears of the Demon Traders

The Peasant’s Story

“Good Gold for Souls”

Cathleen Tries to Check the Traffic

In Vain

She Visits the Demons

They Make a Proposal

False Tidings

Cathleen’s Despair

A Desperate Decision

She Revisits the Demons

Her Terms

The Bond Signed

General Lamentation

Cathleen Fades Away

The Steward Returns

The Demons Cheated

CHAPTER IX: CUCHULAIN, THE CHAMPION OF IRELAND

Introduction

Cuchulain, the Irish Achilles

The Youth of Cuchulain

Cuchulain’s Marriage

Bricriu’s Feast

Bricriu’s Falsehood

Bricriu Meets Conall Cearnach

Bricriu Meets Cuchulain

The Feast and the Quarrel

The Women’s Quarrel

The Husbands Intervene

The Heroes Journey to Connaught

Cuchulain’s Steeds

Queen Meave Watches the Heroes

Terror in Connaught

Conor Explains the Matter

The First Test

The Second Test

Ercol’s Defeat

Meave’s Plan to Avoid Strife in Cruachan

The Return of the Champions

The Champions Visit Curoi

The Giant Fights Laegaire and Conall

Cuchulain’s Trials

The Dragon

The Giant Worsted by Cuchulain

Cuchulain Re-enters the Dun

The Decision

Uath, the Stranger

The Agreement

Laegaire Accepts the Challenge

Laegaire and Conall Disgraced

Cuchulain Accepts the Challenge

Cuchulain Stands the Test

Curoi’s Decision and Cuchulain’s Victory

CHAPTER X: THE TALE OF GAMELYN

The “Wicked Brothers” Theme

Literary Influence of the “Gamelyn” Story

The Story

The Father Feels his End Approaching

How Shall he Dispose of his Estate?

The Cruel Eldest Son

Gamelyn Resists

Gamelyn Terrifies the Household

Sir John’s Guile

A Wrestling Match

A Dreaded Champion

Gamelyn Enters

Defeats the Champion

He Wins the Prizes

He Overcomes his Brother’s Servants

A Reckoning with Sir John

Gamelyn Allows Himself to be Chained

Adam Spencer to the Rescue

A Plan of Escape

A Great Feast

The Banquet Disturbed

Sir John in Chains

The Sheriff’s Men Appear

The Sheriff Arrives

Gamelyn Goes to the Greenwood

Gamelyn Joins the Outlaws

The Law at Work

Gamelyn Arrested

Otho as Surety

Gamelyn Goes to the Woods

The Term Expires

Gamelyn in the Court

A Scene

Honour from the King

CHAPTER XI: WILLIAM OF CLOUDESLEE

Introduction

Famous Outlaws

The Outlaws

The Leaders

William Goes to Carlisle

The Old Woman’s Treachery

News Brought to the Sheriff

The Hue and Cry

The Siege of the House

The Attack

The House is Burnt

The Sheriff Gives Sentence

News is Brought to the Greenwood

The Outlaws Go to Carlisle

Clym’s Stratagem

They Enter the Town

They Keep the Gates

The Fight in the Market-place

The Rescue

The Mayor of Carlisle

The Escape from Carlisle

Adam and the Keys

William of Cloudeslee and his Wife Meet

William’s Proposed Visit to London

Outlaws in the Royal Palace

The King and the Outlaws

The Queen Intercedes

News Comes to the King

The King’s Test

William of Cloudeslee’s Archery

Cloudeslee Shoots the Apple from his Son’s Head

The Last Shot

The King and Queen Show Favour

CHAPTER XII: BLACK COLIN OF LOCH AWE

Introduction

The Highland Clans

The Knight of Loch Awe

Black Colin’s Youth

He Goes on Crusade

The Lady of Loch Awe

The Token

The Journey

The Crusade

The Lady’s Suitor

The Baron’s Plot

A Forged Letter

The Lady’s Stratagem

Black Colin Hears the News

Black Colin’s Return

The Foster-Mother’s Recognition

The Foster-Mother’s Plan

The Beggar at the Wedding

The Beggar’s Demand

The Token

The Recognition

The Baron’s Flight

Castle Kilchurn

CHAPTER XIII: THE MARRIAGE OF SIR GAWAYNE

Introduction

Sir Gawayne

King Arthur Keeps Christmas

His Discontent

The Damsel’s Request

King Arthur’s Vow

The Fight

The Ransom

The King’s Search

The Loathly Lady

The Lady’s Secret

The Ransom

The Price of the Ransom

King Arthur’s Return

Sir Gawayne’s Devotion

The Hunting Party

Sir Kay and the Loathly Lady

The Betrothal

The Lady’s Words

The Journey to Carlisle

The Bridal

Sir Gawayne’s Bride

Sir Gawayne’s Choice

The Dilemma

Sir Gawayne’s Decision

The Lady’s Story

The Surprise of the Knights

CHAPTER XIV: KING HORN

Introduction

The Royal Family of Suddene

The Saracen Invasion

Horn’s Escape

Arrival in Westernesse

Farewell to the Boat

King Ailmar and Childe Horn

Ailmar’s Decision

Childe Horn at Court

The Princess Rymenhild

Athelbrus Deceives the Princess

Athelbrus Summons Horn

Horn and Rymenhild

Horn Refuses the Princess

Horn Becomes a Knight

Horn and Athulf Go to Rymenhild

Horn’s First Exploit

Rymenhild’s Dream

Fikenhild’s False Accusation

Horn’s Banishment

Horn Slays the Giant Emir

Horn Refuses the Throne

Rymenhild’s Distress

Horn and King Thurston

Horn Returns on the Wedding-day

Horn Is Disguised as a Palmer

The Recognition

Horn’s Stratagem

Horn Slays King Modi

Horn’s Departure

The Apostate Knight

The Recognition

The Reconquest of Suddene

Fikenhild Imprisons Rymenhild

Horn’s Dream

Horn’s Disguise

Death of Fikenhild

CHAPTER XV: ROBIN HOOD

Introduction

Robin Hood Seeks a Guest

The Outlaws’ Rules

Robin Hood’s Guest

Little John Escorts the Knight

Robin Hood’s Feast

Robin Converses with the Knight

Robin Demands Payment

The Knight’s Poverty

The Knight’s Story

How the Money was Lost

The Sum Required

Robin Offers a Loan

The Knight Offers Surety

Robin Hood’s Gifts

The Bond of Repayment

Sir Richard’s Journey

The Abbot and Prior of St. Mary’s

Sir Richard Returns

The Abbot and Sir Richard

Sir Richard Implores the Justice

The Justice Suggests a Compromise

Sir Richard Pays the Money

Sir Richard Sets Out to Repay the Loan

The Wrestling

Robin’s Impatience

The Monks Approach

The Capture of the Black Monk

The Outlaws’ Feast

The High Cellarer and the Suretyship

The Monk is Searched

Success of the Search

The Monk Departs

Sir Richard Arrives

CHAPTER XVI: HEREWARD THE WAKE

Introduction

The Saxon Patriot

Leofric of Mercia

Hereward’s Youth

His Strength and Leadership

Leofric and Hereward

Hereward at Court

Hereward’s Exile

Hereward’s Farewell

Hereward in Northumbria

The Fairy Bear

Hereward Slays the Bear

Hereward’s Trick on the Knights

Hereward Leaves Northumbria

Hereward in Cornwall

Hereward Released from Prison

The Princess Visits the Captives

Sigtryg Ranaldsson of Waterford

Hereward Binds the Princess

Prince Sigtryg

Hereward and Sigtryg

Return to Cornwall

Hereward in the Enemy’s Hall

Haco’s Plan

Rescue for Haco’s Bride

The Ambush

Success

GLOSSARY AND INDEX