Читать книгу PRF Applications in Endodontics - Mahmoud Torabinejad - Страница 12

• Gain a better understanding of stem cell biology and how it relates to regenerative medicine, specifically dentistry

• Compare different sources of stem cells and the relative strengths and weaknesses associated with each source

• Gain a better understanding of a mesenchymal stem cell secretome and why it is important therapeutically

Regenerative medicine, also commonly known as tissue engineering, is a discipline of medicine that is focused on restoring native tissue structure and functionality to an afflicted tissue. Dentistry has traditionally been at the forefront of regenerative medicine, commonly employing novel bioactive materials to stimulate bone growth and regeneration. Recently, stem cells and other cell-based therapies have attracted significant attention in this space due to their ability to not only treat patients’ symptoms but to improve physiologic activity and restore native tissue structure.

Stem cells are characterized by a capacity for self-renewal while maintaining an undifferentiated state and, given the proper stimulus, the ability to differentiate into various types of specialized somatic cells. Stem cells are further classified by their relative differentiation potential. Stem cells that can differentiate into any cell type in the body are termed totipotent and have the widest differentiation potential. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are most closely associated with the mesodermal lineage and are known to differentiate into chondrogenic, osteogenic, myogenic, and adipogenic cell types.1

The discovery of stem cells and their multipotent potential has encouraged the development of the whole field of research, projected to have reached $170 billion by 2020. In particular, the multipotent MSCs, with their stem-like quality to differentiate into mesodermal cell types, have been a focus. Indeed, overall revenue for MSC products was projected to be $10.9 billion from 2010 to 2020.Alongside the possibilities of therapeutic successes (ranging from treating graft-versus-host disease, Crohn disease, spinal cord injury, and use in support of hematopoietic stem cell treatments) comes the inherent ethical and logistic dilemmas behind obtaining stem cells. This chapter focuses on MSCs due to their popularity for regenerative applications.