Читать книгу Fundamentals of Conservation Biology - Malcolm L. Hunter Jr. - Страница 77

The idea that ecosystems have instrumental values has a long history but the concept really took root with an important book, Nature’s Services (Daily 1997), that examined “ecosystem services” in depth. This term is a bit too narrow in that the concept encompasses all biodiversity values, not just those that are tightly tied to ecosystems, and both products (e.g. timber) as well as services (e.g. renewal of clean air and water). However, there is virtue in simplicity and “ecosystem services” has become a major rallying point for conservation activities that improve human welfare (Lele et al. 2013). Having covered the instrumental values of species in Chapter 3, here we will focus on those exhibited at the ecosystem level.