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FOREWORD by Dr. T. M. Thomas Isaac
CHAPTER I. WHAT WE MEAN BY DECENTRALIZED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
1) Seeking the greatest protagonism possible
3) Toward decentralized participatory planning
a) The need for planning to be participatory
b) The need for planning to be decentralized
4) Achievements and weaknesses of participatory budgets
5) Political importance of our proposal
CHAPTER II. VENEZUELA AND KERALA EXPERIENCES
1) The role of organized communities in Venezuela
a) What do we mean by community?
b) Unified plan that brings together all community initiatives
c) Promote community supervision
e) Ensuring an electoral result that reflects the will of the people
e) The Community Assembly: the maximum authority
f) Giving priority to actions over words and speeches
g) How to ensure a large and broad attendance
h) A team to help initiate the process
i) Handing over financial resources to small projects
j) Small public works that had a big impact in Santa Tecla, San Salvador
k) If there is a shortage of resources, hold a community project-ideas competition
2) The experience of decentralized participatory planning in Kerala
a) Three levels of local rural self-government
b) Transfer of resources and competencies
c) From the rural village to meetings in smaller areas: wards and neighborhood areass
d) Decentralization of important financial resources to the lower levels
e) Principles that govern the process
f) The contributions of the experiences of Kerala and Venezuela
CHAPTER III. LEVELS OF PLANNING AND TYPE OF PLANS
1. TERRITORIAL DIVISIONS AND LEVELS OF PLANNING
1) Territorial distribution and corresponding levels of governments
CHAPTER IV. NECESSARY CONDITIONS FOR DECENTRALISED PARTICIPATORY PLANNING
1) Creation of suitable geographic planning units
2) Decentralising competencies
4) Technical Teams to promote the development of the process
5) Raising awareness among the population and key participants
c) Raising awareness among key participants
d) The Internet and its limitations
7) Prioritize according one’s own resources
5) Generating a useful and accurate database
9) Information and transparency
CHAPTER V. PHASES IN THE PLANNING PROCESS
First Step: Defining the desired changes (aspirations)
Second step: Setting out priorities
Third step: Explore alternative courses of action for implementing the changes
Fourth Step: Coming up with projects
Fifth Step: Drafting the Development plan, the Annual plan and the immediate action plan
2. IMPLEMENTION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF THE RESULTS
1) Implementation and monitoring
2) Evaluation of their results
3) Consolidating of what has been achieved
PART II. INSTANCES AND ACTORS
CHAPTER VI. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1) Combination of direct democracy and delegated democracy
a) Direct democracy and its limits
b) Delegated democracy assemblies and direct democracy assemblies
c) Delegation strengthens democracy
d) How to avoid a separation between the grassroots and their representatives
e) Citizens’ participation in communities: a system of direct democracy
2) Public Forums
a) Thematic forums
b) Service forums
3) Training workshops
CHAPTER VII. ENTITIES AT THE HIGHER LEVELS
1) A Start Up Team
a) Legal framework
b) Identification of the geographical units where the process should be carried out
c) Guidelines for the decentralization
d) Formation of the municipal technical teams
2) Governmental coordination team
3) Distinguished Advisors Committee
4) Team of volunteer professionals and technicians
CHAPTER VIII. ENTITIES AND ACTORS AT THE LOCAL LEVEL
1. TECHNICAL SUPPORT INSTANCIAS AND PARTICIPANTS WITHIN THEM
1). Planning and Budgetary Teams
a) At municipal, territorial and community level
b) Preparatory tasks of the Municipal Cabinet of Planning and Budget
c) Preparatory tasks of the Planning and Territorial Budget Teams
d) Preparatory tasks of the Community Planning Teams
e) Tasks of the Planning and Budget Teams during the process
2) Team of Animators
a) In the three levels
b) Preparatory tasks of the Teams of Animators
c) Tasks once the Planning Councils and Assemblies have been established
3) Territorial and Community Coordinators
4) Municipal Line Departments or Secretariats and other state entities
II. CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION ENTITIES
1) Planning Assemblies
a) Community Assemblies
b) Planning Assemblies based on a system of delegation
c) Tasks
d) Functioning
e) Sessions of the Assemblies
■ Constituent session to begin the process
■ First moment: to approve a unique listing of aspirations
■ Second moment: to approve the priorities
■ Third moment -- to approve the different plans
f) Invitees
2) Planning Council
a) Guiding entity
b) Tasks of the Planning Council
c) Councilors
d) Election of councilors
e) Councilors tasks
f) Duration of terms
g) Permanent invitees to Councils
h) Practical aspects of the functioning of the Councils
1). Working Groups and Working Teams
2) Group of Community Activists
APPENDIX I. LEVELS OF DECENTRALIZATION AND COMPETENCIES
APPENDIX II. SYSTEM OF PARTICIPATION FLOW CHART
APPENDIX V. CONSOLIDATING COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION
1. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS AND WORK AREAS
1) Thematic areas and working groups
a) Popular Economy and Endogenous Development
b) Education and Sports
c) Full Social Development
d) Housing, Infrastructure and Habitat
e) Culture
f) Communication and Information
g) Security and Defense
2) Taking natural inclinations into consideration when assuming tasks
2. COMMUNITY COUNCIL
1. Definition, function, principles and members’ profile
a) What is a Community Council?
b) Who makes up the council?
c) Allow for flexibility when setting up the council
d). Its functions
e) Principles that should guide its actions
f) Members’ profile
3. STRUCTURE OF THE COUNCIL
1) Executive
a) Functions
b) Composition
c) Spokespeople and not representatives
2) Financial management Unit
3) Social Oversight Unit
4. ELECTION OF COUNCIL MEMBERS
1) Elections for the Executive
a) Who can be a spokesperson?
b) Spokespeople proposed by Working Groups
c) Spokespeople proposed directly in the Citizen’s Assembly
2) Election to the Financial Management Unit
3) Election to the Social Oversight Unit
5. CITIZEN’S ASSEMBLY: THE HIGHEST AUTHORITY
1) Quorum4
2) Functions of the Citizen’s Assembly
1) Information that Could be included in the database
a) Cartographic data
b) Number and characteristics of residents
c) Evolution of the population
d) Existing structures
e) Infrastructure
f) Economic activities and potentialities
g) State of the environment
h) Forms of worker organization
i) Social and human potential
j) Socio-cultural traditions and activities
k) Situation of women
l) Situation of youth
m) Organized communities in each territorial area and their level of quality
n) Existing sector-based organizations or interest groups
o) Problems that exist in the community
p) Problems that transcend the local community
q) External benefits that are received
r) Solidarity-based initiatives
s) History
t) Legal framework
2) Consolidation of data into a single document
CHAPTER II. DIRECT KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAY OF THE LAND
1. ASPIRATIONS AND MOTIVATING QUESTIONS
2. METHODOLOGY IN THE COMMUNITIES (FIRST STEP)
3. METHODOLOGY FOR COLLATING ASPIRATIONS IN TERRITORIAL AREAS AND THE MUNICIPALITY
CHAPTER IV. DEFINING PRIORITIES (SECOND STEP)
1. METHODOLOGY FOR COMMUNITIES
2. METHODOLOGY FOR TERRITORIAL AREAS AND MUNICIPALITY
CHAPTER V. METHODOLOGY FOR EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION
1. General Considerations Regarding Projects
2. Description of Components that Make Up a Project
3. Project Documentation
CHAPTER VII. ESTABLISHING BUDGETARY AND SECTOR-BASED PRIORITIES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. COMING UP WITH BUDGET PRIORITIES
3. COMING UP WITH SECTOR-BASED PRIORITIES
4. METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER VIII. PRIOR TASKS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY THE PLANNING AND BUDGET TEAMS
INTRODUCTION
FIRST TASK: PREPARE A SUMMARY-DOCUMENT OF THE MULTI-YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN
1) Description of the characteristics of the community we want and the concrete form they take in certain aspirations
2) Diagnosis
3) Objectives to achieve with each aspiration
SECOND TASK: PREPARE A SINGLE LIST OF PROJECTS
1) Example of information that each project should contain
2) How do we arrange the projects in the list?
3) Projects for the first phase of the immediate action plan
THIRD TASK: CARRY OUT STUDY OF AVAILABLE RESOURCES
1. ESTIMATION OF RESOURCES
1) Available financial resources
a) Own resources
b) Resources assigned from outside
c) Outside resources that are expected to be obtained once the plan is approved
d) Other resources that remain uncertain
e) Linked and unlinked financial resources
f) Credit financing
2) Income calendar
3) Examples of incomes
2. CALCULATE GENERAL AND RUNNING COSTS
1) In the communities
2) In territorial areas and the municipality
FOURTH TASK: COME UP WITH A PROPOSED BUDGET
1. THE ECONOMIC STRUCTURE OF THE BUDGET
1) Income budget
a) Fiscal income
b) One’s own or private income
c) Transfers and current subsidies
d) Sale of public patrimony
e) Transference of capital
f) Variation in financial assets and liabilities
2) Costs and expenditure budget
a) Personnel costs
b) Purchase of goods and services
c) Financial costs
d) Current transfers
f) Investment costs
g) Capital transfers
h) Variations in financial assets and liabilities
i) Fund for unforeseen costs
2. EXPENDITURE BUDGET ACCORDING TO OBJECTIVES
1) The Community Expenditure budget
a) Operational or functioning costs
b) Administration costs
c) Service provision
d) Maintenance costs
e) Social action costs
f) Financial costs
g) Project costs
h) Loan repayment
2. Other aspects
a) Linked income and expenditure
b) Budgetary forecasts for subsequent years
3) An example to explain these concepts
I. GENERAL ASPECTS
II. WORK PHASES
1. Review of proposed budget
2. Overall review of projects that the working groups have come up with
3. Distribution of projects over the years
4. Selection of projects that make up the immediate action plan (at the community level)
5. Formalizing the different plans and budgets at each level
6. Approving the proposed development plan, the annual investment plan and the budget
7. Coming up with the general development plan, annual investment plan, and consolidated budget in the territorial areas and municipality
CHAPTER X: IMPLEMENTATION, OVERSIGHT, AND EVALUATION
1. IMPLEMENTATION, OVERSIGHT, AND FINAL EVALUATION OF PROJECTS
2. OVERSIGHT AND CONTROL OF THE PLAN
APPENDIX II. SOME MOTIVATING QUESTIONS TO FORMULATE THE ASPIRATIONS IN A COMMUNITY
