Читать книгу The Short Constitution - Martin J. Wade - Страница 6

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For several days there had been an air of expectancy about the school. At Monday's assembly the teacher had announced that she had persuaded Judge Garland to come to talk to the teachers and pupils about the Constitution of their country and about the law, the rights, the powers, and the duties of the people. A real live judge was coming! Most of the children had never seen a judge. The word inspired a sort of dread. They had read of men being sentenced to prison. They expected to see a fierce, hard-hearted man. Some of the younger children had wondered if it would be possible to stay away from the assembly room when the judge was there, but the teacher said that everyone should be present. So important was the subject that the teachers were to be there, too; and many fathers and mothers that could spare the time were also invited. The principal had said that he would not miss a meeting.

So when Friday came the assembly room was crowded. All the pupils and teachers were there, and in the rear of the room were a few of the parents. The door opened and the principal of the school entered. By his side was a man whose gray hair and serious countenance told of years of responsibility. He did not appear “fierce”. Rather his face was kind and his eyes twinkled as he ascended the platform and stood looking out over the faces before him.

The principal introduced Judge Garland who bowed and began his series of talks to the children.

Well my friends, I am glad to see you. I am delighted to be [pg 014] back in a school room again. It is many years ago, though it seems but a short time, since as a schoolboy I sat in a school room like this, among boys and girls like you. I suppose that I studied about as you study, and did not recite any better than you recite. I thought I had to work very hard, and I remember that I often looked out of the open window of the school room when the summer sun was warm, and I thought I could hear the trees, the grass, the stream, and even the fish calling me to quit study and come out to joy and freedom. I know it was a real temptation. I could have had a good time, but I have often been glad since that I obeyed my teacher, my parents, and the law, and continued my studies in school. I am glad, because I now realize how much easier, how much happier, and how much more useful my life has been because I did not listen to the voice of temptation which called me from work to play.1

Since those pleasant school days I have seen much of human life. On the bench now for over twenty-five years, I have been compelled to deal with all sorts of people, even the little children who early in life sometimes drift from the path of right to ways of wickedness. I have served as judge of the Juvenile Court, and judge of the court in which the worst criminals are tried. I have heard the cases of thousands of persons on trial for crimes, men and women, young and old. I have sent hundreds to prison, and I have been compelled to sentence some to death.

In this experience, I have learned something of how easy it is, unless we are on our guard, to sin against the laws of our country, and against the laws of God. I have observed that the average person does not fully appreciate the value of liberty until he is about to lose it.2

I also know that most people do not know the worth of the protection which our Constitution gives to each one of us, until someone is about to take away their right to life, or to [pg 015] liberty, or to property; and then they cry out for help. If they are right in their appeal, they always find help in the Constitution and in the law of the land. Yet it is true that there is much real ignorance about our country, our Constitution, and our laws. There is even much ignorance of these things among people who are supposed to be well educated.

So I was pleased when your teacher came to me the other day asking me to come to your school a couple of times a week, to talk to you about our country, our Constitution, and our laws. I am happy to be able to comply with her request. It is a difficult subject for children, yet children must study these things, and learn them. There is no more important subject.3

One of the chief objects of furnishing free education to children, rich and poor, is to make of them good law-abiding citizens; citizens who know what authority is; citizens who will obey the voice of authority; citizens who realize that authority in this country rests in the people themselves; citizens, men and women, who realize that they owe a duty to their country and their fellowmen to do all they can to keep America the most free and the most just country in the world.4

No American child should leave school without a full knowledge of the government of our country; nor until he has in his heart loyal devotion to America, and to the Stars and Stripes, the emblem of the free.

Of course I do not expect you to learn all there is to be known about your government. However I do expect you to know the great fundamental truths which after all are very simple and easily understood.

I am not endeavoring to make lawyers. I am not trying to train you to become lawyers. You know nearly all the children in the American schools have to learn something about physiology and hygiene, but not in order to become doctors. They study physiology and hygiene in order to [pg 016] understand the ordinary rules of health, so that they may protect themselves as far as possible against disease and take care of their bodies intelligently. Of course sickness will come. Then you must call the doctor.

Well, so it is in this course. I want you to know enough about your government, your Constitution, and your laws—because these things are yours—so that you, as members of this great society called America, will be able to understand your rights and duties, your privileges, your opportunities, and your obligations. Sometime in your life your problem may become so difficult, or your rights may become so endangered, that you will have to call upon a lawyer, just as when illness comes you call upon your physician.5

No one knows anything of real worth about his country until he knows its Constitution. No one can have in his heart a full measure of gratitude for the blessings of living in a free country, until he knows of how fully the Constitution guards every right and privilege which we hold dear. So we shall enter upon the study of the Constitution of our country.

But in order that you may better understand the Constitution of your country, in order that you may better study the problems which will be presented to you in this course, it is necessary for you to understand something, in a general way at least, of four separate things—Government, Liberty, Authority, and Law. So before talking to you of the Constitution, I shall talk to you on these subjects.6

I know it will not be easy for you at first to understand some of the words and expressions which it is necessary for me to use. It will be necessary for me to repeat to some extent, from time to time, but I feel satisfied that if we will work together in the right spirit, you will find the matter interesting; and I am sure that the great truths, the great principles of life, conduct, and action will soon become clear to your minds.

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The important thing to realize at all times is that we are not talking about something away off in which we have slight interest, but that we are talking of things which are ours, which affect every one of us, not in the future, but now.

I can recall a number of faces of men who have been before my court charged with crimes, who in childhood were sitting where you are sitting to-day. I have sentenced some of them to long terms of years in the penitentiary. I was compelled to take away from them their liberty, because they had shown themselves unworthy, and had shown themselves rebels against the authority of their country.

On the other hand, I recall those who came into court seeking protection of their rights against wrongdoers—against those who would take away their property, the earnings perhaps of a lifetime; and in court they found protection, justice, and right. But in administering justice and right, the court was only applying the principles of the Constitution of our country which we are about to study.

So let us enter upon this work with a determination to succeed in our undertaking. You know that has a great deal to do with our success in life—a determination to succeed.

When you boys take your baseball team to play the team of some other school, you start for the baseball park determined to win the game; and, if you keep up this spirit, you probably will win the game. In any event, you play a real game of which your friends are proud. That is the way to meet all the problems of life, whether in the school room, or out in the world after you have entered upon the great battles of life.

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ELEMENTARY QUESTIONS

1. Did you ever see a judge? Would you be afraid of a judge? Why?

2. What are the duties of a judge?

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3. Why did the judge say, “But I have often been glad since, that I obeyed my teacher, my parents, and the law, and continued my studies in school”? Why do boys and girls go to school? Why is the public willing to pay large sums of money to pay teachers, buy books, build school buildings, and keep them open?

4. What law was it that the judge said he was glad that he had obeyed?

5. Why did the judge send hundreds to prison? Why was he compelled to sentence some to death?

6. What are the advantages of staying in school? What more do you know when you graduate from elementary school than those who quit earlier? Should one try to graduate from high school? Why?

7. The judge says that one of the chief purposes of school is to make good, law-abiding citizens. Think of some person you know who is a “good, law-abiding citizen”; think of some one who is not; name five ways in which they are different.

8. Have you read the Constitution of the United States? Should a good, law-abiding citizen know what is in the Constitution of the United States?

9. The judge says that we owe a duty to our country. List five duties that a school pupil owes to his father and mother, five that he owes to his teacher, and, if you can, list five duties that all of us owe to our country.

10. The judge says that the Constitution guards every right and privilege that we hold dear. Can you name any rights or privileges that you hold dear?

ADVANCED QUESTIONS

A. Why do we say that the United States is the “land of the free”? Why does the judge say that it is the most free and just country in the world?

B. How are judges selected? To whom are they responsible? What are their duties?

C. What are likely to be the results of poor schools?

D. Should a parent have a right to give a child as poor an education or as little schooling as he may desire?

E. Why do some States require children to study physiology and hygiene? Is there as good an argument for a study of the Constitution?

F. Why does the judge say, “No one knows anything of real worth about his country until he knows its Constitution”?

G. The judge says that good citizens know what authority is. Give an illustration of a child, a student, and a citizen who knows what authority is. Define authority. Give an illustration of a man who does not respect authority.

H. When is a country a “free country”? What is a “just country”? How can a judge justify himself in a free country when he sends some men to prison, thereby taking away their freedom?

I. How can an American protect his liberties? What steps must he take?

J. Prepare a paper on one of the following subjects:

The Advantages of Staying in School

One Law-abiding Citizen That I Know

What One Man I Know Knows About the Rights and Privileges of the American Citizen Under the Constitution.

Why Everyone Should Study the Constitution

What a Law Is, Where It Comes From and Its Value

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