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Exodus 2

The Hardship Becomes Harder

With every step she slogged through the mud, water splashed from the baskets swinging from a wooden yoke across her shoulders. She and many other children had run the path countless times, which became swampier as the day wore on. They ran to the river, a tributary of the Nile, scooped up water, and carried it to the vats where workers raked the clay and straw into a thick mud. Their tightly woven baskets, lined with pitch, did not hold up under the constant hard use.

“Faster, you Hebrew slaves, you sluggards,” the slave master commanded while he cracked his whip near her heels. The children could not keep up with the brick makers’ demand for water. All afternoon she had run to the river, filled her container, and then carried it as fast as she could to the tubs. Her back hurt, her hands were cramped, and her legs were rubbed raw by the rough baskets.

“You dogs, you filthy lazy Hebrews, faster; Pharaoh will cancel your next day of rest if the quota is not reached.” Another slave driver cracked a whip over the workers at the tubs. They were so used to it they did not even flinch at the sound.

Every drop of water was necessary, yet she and the other children could only carry so much. The basket was watertight that morning, but it would start to leak from the creases as the day wore on. When the leaking became impossible, she had to use clay jars, and they were much heavier. If she did not get enough water to the brick makers, the Egyptian taskmasters would whip the workers who were her kinsfolk, her father and mother, extended family, and many villagers.

Wooden frames lay on the ground that formed hundreds of rectangles. Workers poured the mud into each of the molds and leveled off the top smoothly. The mud soon firmed up, and then the frame could be carefully lifted off to reveal new bricks, which would bake in the sun. The number of rows times the number of bricks in each row was carefully counted, and represented the total day’s work for Miriam’s village. At sunset, the Egyptian overseer would come over and note the final tally. If the number was not high enough, harsh words and penalties would be shouted.

“Pharaoh already has a huge palace. I would like to do some building on my own house,” one Hebrew worker said to another.

“How many children does he have?” another Hebrew asked. “He is said to have numerous princesses and princes. You can see them playing in the gardens. One princess even collects wounded animals and has a sort of menagerie,” someone added.

“His heart is as dead as those mummies they bury, all dried out. He certainly doesn’t care about our homes and children,” the Hebrews complained among themselves. “How can we keep building for him when he treats us like mere animals?”

The climate was cooler in the eastern edge of the Nile delta where Pharaoh was adding rooms to his already magnificent summer residence. When the new bricks were hard as stone, they were carried to the building site. As the walls grew higher, many columns and brightly painted murals were added to the building. Some of the Hebrew slaves were skilled in special techniques for crafting tiles and monuments. All of the workers for this project lived in a village especially built for them, just out of view of the palace, because after all, Pharaoh did not want the Hebrews as close neighbors. He only valued their hard labor.

Finally, the sun dipped behind the bluffs in the west and the work day came to an end. Miriam straightened her back and stretched her hands, which were callused from the carrying. She spied her brother, Aaron, in the distance. They reconnected with their parents and prepared for the short walk back to their village.

The weary family members greeted each other with a hug, “Miriam and Aaron, another day is safely over, how are you?” Their mother, Jochebed asked as she hugged her children together. They moved to gather their water flasks and bags that held their meager lunches from under a shrub, where they had hidden them at noon, the last time they saw each other.

“How good it will be to get home,” their father Amram said while throwing a bag over his back. “Praise to the God of Abraham, let’s get back.” His steps toward the village were interrupted by a shout from the worksite.

“We can’t go yet, the bosses have to talk to us,” an uncle called in their direction.

“This is never good news, what can it be now,” Jochebed groaned.

The workers gathered around an Egyptian governor who shouted at them.

“You Hebrews are becoming too strong,” the Egyptian governor said. He stood on a stone block that towered over the sweat-soaked workers. “We will cut you down to size. You are foreigners here; you are meant to be slaves, and slaves you will remain. Recently you have become proud. Frankly, we Egyptians were getting a little fearful of you. Things always seem to go well with you. Your god blesses you, but that will stop; we are greater. Our Pharaoh is greater than your god. The old government favored you, but now things are changing. We will see to that. Starting now, life will become much harder for you. Before you worked your short hours, now the workdays will be longer with fewer days off. From now on, it will be harder for you to survive; one way or another, your numbers will decrease.”

The Hebrew slaves stood motionless in their fatigue, scarcely believing their ears. Only a gentle evening breeze stirred through the work site, slightly drying the sweat on their brows.

The mood was subdued as the family walked home. “How can they expect us to do more?” the children asked.

“How long will the God of our ancestors remain silent?” Amram asked. “What do they mean we will become fewer in number? Our father, Abraham was promised we Hebrews would become a great nation and as numerous as the stars.”

“Doesn’t he see our suffering?” Jochebed answered. “Will he ever send relief? Why do we only have questions and never any answers?”

Good News Becomes Bad

Their clay brick house was located in a crowded village. The houses were closely packed together, side-by-side, with common walls separating the families of construction workers. This village had been quickly built several years back when construction on this palace was started. Most evenings and nights were hot, so the families slept under a canopy on the roof. Conversation carried easily along the roofs and through the opened windows between the neighbors, so the workers talked in hushed tones. The elders, who told us stories of Hebrew history, recalled that Joseph and his descendants first settled in the lush green area of the Nile delta in a city called Rameses where their flocks had good grazing for many generations. When new Egyptian rulers no longer remembered the promises made to Joseph, the Hebrews lost their freedom. Now they had to work as slaves and were forced to move close to the building sites and live in hastily built houses. But these flimsy structures had become permanent homes. Miriam could not remember the place where she was born. Her parents often said that they were blessed to be together as a family. Sometimes the men had to leave their families for long periods of time to go to another construction site.

One day, Miriam returned to her house after fetching water for their household. In the oppressive noonday heat, the crowded village was strangely quiet. Babies did not seem to cry anymore and neighborhood conversation had become much less trusting. Her mother was drying her eyes in her father’s rough work tunic, and he had draped his arms across her shoulders. Miriam felt awkward when she interrupted their embrace.

“Don‘t go away, we have something important to tell you,” they reassured Miriam when she started to back out of the room. “A baby will soon be born in our family.” Miriam’s first reaction was to shout out with excitement, but her shriek of joy was stifled when her mother hugged her close. She was puzzled when her parents so quickly hushed her up.

“But why can’t I shout out with joy about another child?” Miriam pleaded.

“The Egyptians are planning still more burdens for us to bear. This is a dreadful time to have a newborn baby in Egypt,” her parents whispered to her. “Life for the Hebrews is hard enough without an infant. If the baby is a girl, she might survive, but if it is a boy . . .” They were unable to finish the sentence. Her mother held back a sob.

“If it is a boy . . . what did they mean by this?” Miriam puzzled over her parents’ remark. The only children in their family were her brother, Aaron, and she. They were close together in age and almost past childhood.

Miriam and Aaron later discussed the situation between themselves.

“A baby in the family would be fun. Most of the Hebrew families are much larger than ours,” Aaron said. They considered their family as contented as Hebrews could be in Egypt, considering the misery of their surroundings.

“Well, how did this happen? If our parents know it is dangerous to get a baby at this time, can’t they delay it coming?” Aaron asked Miriam. His slightly older sister always had answers to tough questions.

“Aaron, do I have to explain everything to you?” Miriam snapped back. She sighed to herself. It must have happened at the time of a spring festival. Now it was late summer; the baby would be born in the hardest time of the year, the winter. In addition, her mother was not young anymore and worn out from all the work.

Their parents frequently reminded them, “The God of our fathers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, has blessed us and saved us from famine. He will save us from the Egyptians as well.”

Miriam started doing more of the errands outside the house so her mother could stay hidden inside. Her parents became increasingly anxious as her mother’s abdomen became more round.

“It is very important that you do not talk to anyone about a baby being born to our house,” their father repeated to them often. “Especially the Egyptians must not know, and they have spies all over. We must all try to do still more work at the worksite so Mother is not missed.”

“But, why not tell our friends and neighbors? Can’t they know?” She felt like her parents were trying to protect her from something.

“It will prevent awkward questions later,” was all their father would say. They obeyed him carefully, but Miriam wondered. She made many trips to the river to do washing. Because of the time spent doing daily errands to help her mother, she was spending more time with other village women.

One day Miriam learned the dreadful details about the latest command of Pharaoh. At the river, two Hebrew women were stooped over the water, appearing to wash clothes, but their attention was totally focused on their conversation.

“What more can they do to us, Puah?” One deeply tanned woman complained to the other. “The workers already have to make endless bricks for Pharaoh’s monuments in this baking sun. In addition, they keep increasing the fieldwork, and yet the Egyptians are never satisfied. The cruel slave masters threaten the workers every minute with a whipping if bricks aren’t made fast enough,” she continued.

“Shiphrah, we cannot even help the women anymore with labor and delivery,” said the other women. “Pharaoh has noticed that Hebrew boy babies survive even though he commanded us Hebrew midwives to kill the newborn baby boys.”

“Of course, I, along with you my dear friend, could not ever kill any babies, Egyptian or Hebrew, Puah said. I have even attended Egyptian mothers when they give birth, and it would have been easy enough to suffocate a newborn. Just hold a hand over the baby’s mouth and nose slightly longer than necessary when clearing the airway, or turn their face under water during their first bath. Not even the mother suspects that the baby wasn’t stillborn.”

“If I couldn’t do that to even an Egyptian baby, I certainly couldn’t suffocate the children of my kinfolk. That would be just like the crocodile from the Nile lying in wait to devour the baby as soon as it takes the first breath,” Shiphrah shuddered at the thought. “No, in the eyes of the great God of Abraham, that is not what we do.”

“Well we told Pharaoh’s messengers that the Hebrew mothers give birth quickly without any help,” continued Puah. “And that is almost true, most of the time. But now we can’t be seen near a residence with a pregnant woman or the Egyptians will suspect that a birth occurred.”

“Any Egyptian has permission to spy and kill any baby boy they find,” Shiphrah moaned.

“Only the boy babies are to be killed; what are they thinking?” asked Puah.

“Oh don’t think they are being merciful by saving the girls. They want the girl babies to grow up and be used as slaves for their own evil purposes,” whispered Shiphrah.

“What can we do to save the babies?” asked Puah. “Can the mothers be smuggled to a secret hiding place until delivery and the boy babies raised safely away from Egypt?”

Miriam silently turned toward home and felt her heart sink. “Now I understand!” she exclaimed to herself. But other questions immediately came to her. “What if our new baby is a boy? Why do they hate us so much?”

Later her mother reassured her. “The God of Abraham has brought us through hard times before. He is always faithful to protect his people. We are his chosen people, and he will show us a way to survive,” she said.

Winter arrived, it was colder, and they had blankets over the windows. “So, if the baby is a girl, it is safe. But if it is a boy and the Egyptians find him, they will throw him into the river?” Aaron asked.

“Our God of the Hebrews determines if we have a boy or a girl. We will persevere,” Amram reminded them. “Even the circumcision ceremonies have been dropped, although this has been the custom since Abraham,” he added.“If the baby is a girl, we will also keep it secret to help protect those parents who have boys,” her mother added. “If no one is sure if the baby is a boy or girl, then no one is responsible to report to the authorities. Of course it is best to keep the baby as secret as possible. Spies are all over.”

“A midwife cannot be seen coming to our house to help with the delivery,” Miriam repeated.

“No, Jochebed, don’t think about that,” Amram said. He hugged his wife. “I won’t let you have the baby alone.”

A Baby Is Born, But Will He Live?

After months of fearful waiting, the worst happened! It was a moonless winter night when a healthy baby boy was born.

“As they say about the Hebrew women, they give birth easily,” her father said. “The God of our ancestors is blessing us, even in this hardship. We will find a way of keeping this son alive.”

Now Miriam’s family had a new baby brother, at least for now. Miriam helped her mother with the infant for the first months, anticipating his every need. He seldom cried, and he was not discovered by the Egyptians. Miriam grew to love her brother very much, but he was becoming more active.

“We won’t be able to hide the baby much longer,” Miriam’s mother said one day.

“Mother, I cannot bear the thought of my baby brother dying,” Miriam sighed. Her arms automatically crossed in front of her to make a rocking motion. “What can we do to save him?” pleaded Miriam.

“We will not give up and let the Egyptians destroy us,” her mother said. She clenched her fists and added, “Our God will help us find a way to save the baby.”

Miriam started thinking as she wandered past the point where the Hebrews did their washing. She ventured dangerously close to the beach that was off-limits to the Hebrews. There, she noticed an Egyptian princess bathing with her attendants. “I wonder if she is the one that collects wounded animals. If she would only care for the Hebrew babies as much as she does ducks and wild kittens.”

The partially finished palace towered beyond. It featured brightly colored columns and was covered in many fanciful designs. Lotus flowers and water lilies decorated the upper edges of the roof, which was supported by columns of drawings of many animals such as jackals, lions, and snakes. An abundance of birds such as owls, falcons, and ducks seemed so real that they could take wing and fly away. The symbols could be read by some people, but she was told they mostly expressed how great Pharaoh was as king and god. The giant eyes really troubled her; they seemed to look right at her. They symbolized the eye of Horus, one of the Egyptian gods. The Egyptians believed the eyes could see everything. If this was true, why didn’t their god see the evil caused by Pharaoh?

The God of the Hebrews also promised Abraham that the Hebrews would have their own land where they would rule and not be ruled, and he also saw everything.

What was happening to the baby boys? Her heart was crushed to think about it. Were they being devoured by crocodiles? Yet she had not heard of any being killed. Were they being sent somewhere? How could her brother be saved?

Miriam returned home. She and her mother quietly started to work out a plan.

“Can we make something waterproof, yet lightweight?” Miriam pondered.

“A clay jar won’t leak, but it also won’t float. A basket will float for a short time, but eventually becomes waterlogged and sinks,” her mother thought aloud.

“We need the pitch that drains from wood when it is burnt. Tree sap drips out into a basin under the fire as the wood turns into charcoal. Egypt does not have many trees, so where can we find wood to burn. Where do the workers get the pitch that lines the baskets we use to carry water?” Miriam asked. “Father and Aaron will try to get some from the work site.”

Miriam and her mother worked on the problem of building a waterproof basket for many weeks. Miriam gathered the toughest papyrus stalks from the riverbanks, and her mother expertly wove a basket. Their hearts grew heavier with every passing day, as the danger to the baby boy grew greater.

“Have we made the basket skillfully enough that it will not leak?” Miriam wondered. She took it to the river filled with clothes to wash. It floated like a boat when she tested it.

“Do we dare hope that the princess will have pity for a Hebrew baby and rescue him?” The family anguished over the question.

It was summer when Jochebed hugged her baby boy, knowing it was the last time. The most she dared to hope is that he would live, somewhere, somehow. If only he would be permitted to grow up in the company of others. Would another mother raise him, perhaps love him? Miriam kissed her baby brother before they wrapped him snugly and placed him in the little ark. Her mother was shaking with violent sobs when Miriam left the house, yet no sound could be heard. Her father and Aaron had left their last kisses that morning. They absolutely could not be missed at the work site.

Miriam then gently carried him to the river, pretending as though the basket contained clothes to wash. She checked to be sure there were no crocodile tracks in the sand and set the basket afloat near the beach where Pharaoh’s daughter usually bathed. She shuddered deeply and gave the basket a determined push. The little ark lightly drifted away in the current.

Miriam thought her pounding heart would fail. She remembered what her mother said, “Only trust in God that he will protect the baby and will give you strength to carry him to the river.”

Tall reeds rattled in the hot breeze blowing off the mighty Nile River. Keeping herself hidden, she crouched at the shore and peered over the sparkling water. Little frogs and an abundance of crickets scampered around her feet, and she was startled when a giant crane lifted gracefully into the sky. This beach was off-limits to her, for she was within sight of the white columns of the summer palace complex of Pharaoh. She had heard about amazing monuments just beyond the western horizon. There was a sphinx that looked like a crouching lion with a human face, and there were pyramids made entirely of huge stone blocks that took many humans to move. They were the tallest structures to be seen anywhere where people lived, so she had heard, and they were actually tombs of past kings. These structures were already ancient when her ancestor, Joseph, and his brothers came here to escape famine. About four hundred years ago, the Hebrews were honored guests, actually invited by the pharaoh, to seek refuge from a famine that was devastating their country. Now it had come to the tragedy she was personally facing. “Dear God of our ancestors, what happened to your promises to Abraham?” she prayed to herself.

Miriam nervously parted the reeds to improve her view when, as expected in the midmorning, several young women approached the riverbank. They chattered with carefree ease as they loosened their sandals. Cool mud squeezed between her toes when Miriam shifted to remain out of sight. Some of the maids threw stones in the water to see if any crocodiles would rise to the surface. Then they gathered up their gauzy, white gowns and waded in to be certain the water was clear of the reptiles. If the waters were safe, then the princess herself could start to bathe. Miriam’s eyes were riveted on the fragile-looking basket that was gently bobbing in the waves.

“Will they see it? Then what will they do?” Miriam whispered under her breath. She watched a regal young Egyptian woman approach the water, obviously the princess. The princess casually shook off her fine sandals and threw them into a heap with the others. Running toward the water, she tucked her white linen gown into her belt to free her legs and hands for movement. Miriam noticed that the young attendants were not much older than she herself was, yet they seemed to come from a different world. Their legs were creamy white and unmarred by the scratches and bruises that Miriam acquired in the hard work of her daily existence. The tallest woman, the princess, was always the center of attention. The maids swam around her adoringly and made her laugh with their antics in the water. Could this princess be aware of the cruel suffering that occurred in the shadows of her luxurious life?

Miriam and the Hebrew girls also swam in the Nile waters but on a different beach, where the sand was not so fine. Still, in another time and place, Miriam felt these young women could have been her friends. Abruptly, the playful movement stopped as one in the group spied the basket bobbing in the waves. They raised their hands to shield their eyes against the glaring sunlight for a better view.

Miriam’s family had anticipated this moment for weeks. They had prepared and prayed; no other idea occurred to them except to take this chance to assure survival of their baby. The life of her baby brother was now in the hands of this young princess. Would she take pity and save this precious small life? Miriam froze and silently prayed, “Please God, please . . .”

Miriam Speaks, God Saves

Miriam moved closer to the shore of the Nile, protectively watching over the ark. Silence fell over the water when the princess and her maids all looked curiously over at the basket.

“Wade over toward the reeds and bring me that quaint little basket,” the princess asked one of her servants. “Do I hear a baby cry?”

An attendant waded quickly over to retrieve the basket before it drifted farther away. Miriam clasped her hands together in front of her face and hardly dared to look while the maids gathered around the princess. She carefully lifted the lid off the basket. The group of women gasped with surprise.

“Look, it is a boy baby; surely one of the Hebrews’ children,” she exclaimed as she lifted him out. “He is crying! Even though my father has demanded that all Hebrew baby boys should be killed, this is a beautiful child whom I want to keep and raise as my own.”

Miriam’s heart pounded with joy at hearing those words. God had indeed been merciful! Then she impulsively did something that was not a part of the plan. Without thinking, she stepped into the water and approached the princess. She had to make the move immediately. After all, the baby was crying, what else was she supposed to do?

Miriam bravely approached the princess. “Shall I go and choose a nurse for you from among the Hebrew women, that she may care for the baby?” Miriam asked. “Yes, go and do that,” said the Egyptian princess.

It was that simple! If ever the hand of the great God of Abraham was visible, it was now!

Miriam shook uncontrollably as she ran back to the house. “Of course mother won’t believe this news immediately. I will have to drag her back to the river, and quickly, before the princess changes her mind,” Miriam thought aloud.

“Mother, Mother, dry your eyes,” Miriam sobbed with joy. She tried to stay as calm as she could. “Come with me immediately, but don’t let the princess know that the baby is yours.”

They hastened to the river where the princess and her attendants stood in a circle around the baby, cooing with admiration and suggesting names.

“Here is a Hebrew woman who has her own baby. She would be glad to nurse this baby as well.” Miriam tried to keep her voice calm and somewhat disinterested.

“Take this baby and nurse him for me, and I will pay you.” The princess cast an approving eye at the breasts of Miriam’s mother, who did not dare stammer a word. “His name is Moses because I drew him out of the water.”

“Oh, his name is Moses?” Miriam almost gave herself away. Her family had been calling him by another name; but never mind, any name would be wonderful. “Yes, Moses is an appropriate name,” she quickly recovered. Miriam’s mother took her baby, now called Moses, into her arms and managed a slight smile. She unfastened her robe in front and started to nurse him on their walk home from the river; her breasts were overflowing by this time.

The baby’s own mother would be taking care of him as before! Miriam could not wait to tell Aaron and her father. She thought of her first song at this time as she joyfully sang praises to God that the plan had been successful. In this clever way, with the blessing of the God of Abraham, Miriam managed to save her brother as well as reunite him with her family! The princess even paid the mother wages to take care of her own baby!

Now the family could stay together for a few more years. When Moses was older, he began to live in Pharaoh’s household as an Egyptian son, and there he enjoyed all the privileges of a young prince. He was educated to become an Egyptian ruler, learning their language and customs, but he never forgot who he was and his origin. He did not forget the God of the Hebrews. We will hear from Moses and Miriam again!

Points to Ponder about Miriam

Girls and boys have a marvelous gift, characteristic of children of all lands and all ages. How many times have you taken pity on a living creature in need?

Both Miriam and the Egyptian princess, although they were so different, they were also so much alike. They both loved a helpless baby and wanted to save it. Girls have forever picked up and nursed the injured. This is a wonderful quality. It is sad when God’s creatures are harmed, because all living things are precious in his sight. Through these daughters, one rich and one poor, God cared for the unborn baby, Moses. He cares for all life, big and small.

This Bold Girl showed bravery and initiative in saving her little brother. What if Miriam had been too afraid to speak to Pharaoh‘s daughter? This young princess was, after all, the daughter of a very powerful and cruel king. Miriam kept her secret safe as she approached the princess. She never revealed the plan to volunteer her own mother to nurse her little brother! We do not know if this was Miriam’s own idea or if her family had worked it out together, but it could have turned out disastrously if she didn’t proceed with complete confidence. What would have been the result if she had talked too much and told the princess the details of the plan? If she had not spoken the exact right words, Pharaoh’s daughter could have decided against saving the baby Moses. Miriam changed the whole course of the history of the Israelites in Egypt by her bravery and clear thinking.

In this remarkable manner, God protected the life of Moses by Miriam’s bold action. She used her brain to think of a solution. She used her mouth to speak up; yet she knew how to keep a secret. She negotiated a way to save her brother and have her mother care for her own child. What a gift it is to learn to be silent at the appropriate times, but also speak up when the time is right!

Like so many other girls throughout the ages, Miriam was happy to have a new baby in the household. This was a big step for her because now she was old enough to help care for an infant. This was the normal expectation for girls at this time and the only example they knew from the generations before them. They learned from their mothers how to take care of children and the home. Their families arranged a marriage for them in their teens and they became mothers themselves. At this time and place in history, girls could not consider school or a choice of careers. Miriam was happy to step into the challenge of being a big sister. However, her life as an adult, which can be read in the remainder of the book of Exodus and Numbers, will turn out much differently than expected for a woman at this time in history.

Be sure to compare the story of Miriam in this book with its biblical account. You can discover which parts here are fictional and which are taken directly from the Bible. You will notice that the fictional parts of Miriam’s story in this book accurately depict how life was lived in Egypt at about 1200 bc. Life in ancient Egypt is a very fascinating subject to study. You can find books with many pictures, maps, and timelines. Or, better yet, make your own. Many museums have artifacts from Egypt including mummies, objects of gold, and objects taken from tombs. Maybe someday you can visit Egypt, and if you go there remember Miriam!

Miriam and her extended family, all the Hebrews, did not feel at home in Egypt, although they had never lived in another land. How many people throughout the ages and in all parts of the world have experienced this hardship? Often families have voluntarily left their familiar surroundings and moved with much expense and danger to a new place that promises more opportunity. Many people have been forced to leave their country because of invasion by foreign troops or natural disaster. Giving up a home is difficult for everyone. People with different colored skin, who speak foreign languages, worship in different ways, and prepare pungent smelling foods have seldom been welcomed in a new land. Immigrants remember their home and do not want their children to forget the ways of the old country. In their new home, they are among strangers. They may not be well accepted and they do not understand all the new customs. Miriam lived under these conditions as well. Even though she and her family had always known Egypt as their home, it was not their homeland.

About eighty years after the story of his remarkable birth, Moses became a great leader of the Children of Israel. Times did not get easier for the Hebrews in Egypt. Moses, along with Aaron and Miriam, led their people out of the slavery they so long endured and took them to the Promised Land. You can read these exciting stories about the escape of the Israelites from Egypt through the Red Sea in the Old Testament books of Exodus and Numbers.

Miriam is a unique girl in the Bible because we meet her twice. First we meet her in this childhood scene with her baby brother Moses. We meet her again as a woman in the book of Exodus, where her story continues. When the Children of Israel cross the Red Sea (15:20–21) and wander in the wilderness for forty years, Miriam plays an active role. In the course of the history of God’s people, she becomes a decisive, authoritative woman. Sometimes her leadership got her into trouble. Controversy will be her lifelong companion (Num 12:1–16). Anyone who is determined to make a difference takes this risk, and risk requires courage. Long after Miriam died, the Old Testament writer, Micah, called her a prophet along with her brothers, Aaron and Moses (Mic 6:8).

Questions for Discussion

1. The king of Egypt had ordered all the boy babies of the Hebrews to be killed. Yet the daughter of the king rescued this particular baby who she recognized as being a son of the Hebrews. Was she being disobedient to her father?

2. Look up and read this story in the book of Exodus (Exod 2:1–10). How many different women were important in saving Moses’ life? What do we know about Jochebed, the mother of Moses? (See Exod 2:1–9; 6:20: Num 26:59.) How and where did Moses find a wife? (See Exod 2:21–22; 4:20, 24–26; 18:2–6.)

3. Miriam became famous for leading the Children of Israel in singing and dancing. One of her songs is written in the Bible (Exod 15:21). What is the occasion for this song? How is music important in your worship? How can you participate and use your musical gifts?

4. Who are the Children of Israel? Who was Israel and what was his other name? How and why did Joseph go to Egypt? Be sure to familiarize yourself with the Old Testament stories that occur throughout the book of Genesis that lead the Israelites to living in Egypt.

5. Why are the Israelites going to a Promised Land? What was the promise made to Abraham?

Related Cultural and Historical

Questions to Explore

1. With background knowledge about ancient Egypt, describe and discuss how your life in the twenty-first century would compare with that of a poor girl like Miriam, or a rich girl like the Pharaoh’s daughter living in ancient times.

2. Do you know about, or are you a member of, a group of people who are a cultural minority in this country? What can you do to share your culture with others, and how can you help those who are different be welcomed in church, school, and neighborhood? The Hebrews did not feel welcome in the foreign land of Egypt and were persecuted. Is this the last time this has happened in the history of the world? Why do people often feel threatened by those who are different?

3. Why were all the boy babies ordered to be killed instead of the girls, or why not both? (See Exod 1:8–10.)

4. What things can you do now or learn to do in the future that will help heal and comfort those in need?

5. Daughters and sons are mentioned in Exodus 3:22. Why are the children mentioned as the Israelites were leaving Egypt?

Suggested Topics of Discussion for Teachers and Parents of Older Students

1. This lesson would provide the opportunity to discuss abortion and infanticide of unwanted babies. Are babies killed today because they are not the preferred sex, untimely, or deformed?

2. How have childbirth practices changed over the years?

3. Unfortunately, the evil of slavery has existed in most times and places throughout the history of the world. You can find additional information about the history of slavery. In ancient times, captives from wars were often made slaves of the conquering nation. Is slavery still practiced today? What people are vulnerable to being made slaves? Inform yourselves about the issue of human trafficking which is being practiced today in all parts of the world.

4. This chapter offers the opportunity to discuss circumcision: the practice, the history, and the purpose.

5. Child labor has been a reality for most of the history of the earth. Where are children still forced into hard labor today? When did laws first appear to prevent this abuse of children?

6. Is there a division of labor in the country where you now live based on nationality of workers?

7. If students are interested in archaeology, many resources are currently available to increase background knowledge, and every year more discoveries are made. The Hebrews occupied a large city called Tell el-Dab’a, which is the Rameses written of in Exodus 1:11. On modern maps, it is found in the eastern edge of the Nile delta at Avaris. A workers village has not been found at this location, but this story draws from information about a workers village at Deir el-Medina across the Nile, which is from about the same time period.