Gender in History

Gender in History
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A concise yet comprehensive account of the roles and influences of gender over the millennia, featuring new and updated content throughout  Gender in History: Global Perspectives, Third Edition , explores the construction and evolution of gender in many of the world’s cultures from the Paleolithic era to the COVID pandemic of the twenty-first century. Broad in geographic and topical scope, this comprehensive volume discusses the ways families, religions, social hierarchies, politics, work, education, art, sexuality, and other issues are linked to various conceptions of gender.  Now organized chronologically rather than topically, this extensively revised edition presents a wealth of up-to-date information based on the scholarship of the last decade. New and expanded chapters offer insights on the connections between gender and key events and trends in world history, including domestication and the development of agriculture, the growth of cities and larger-scale political structures, the spread of world religions, changing ideas of race, class, and sexuality, colonialism and imperialism, capitalism, wars, revolutions, and more. Written by a distinguished scholar in the field of women's and gender history, this third edition of Gender in History:  Examines how gender roles were shaped by family life, religious traditions, various other institutions, and how the institutions were influenced by gender Considers why gender variations developed in different cultures and in diverse social, ethnic, and racial groups within a single culture Addresses ideas in different cultures that shaped both informal societal norms and formalized laws Explores debates about the origins of patriarchy, the development of complex gender hierarchies, and contemporary movements for social change Discusses the gender implications of modern issues including the global pandemic and ongoing cultural and economic shifts Includes an accessible introduction to key theoretical and methodological issues and an instructor’s website site with visual and written original sources  Gender in History: Global Perspectives, Third Edition , is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students in courses such as those on women’s history, women in world history, and gender in world history, and a valuable supplement for general survey courses within History and Women’s and Gender Studies programs.

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Merry E. Wiesner-Hanks. Gender in History

GENDER IN HISTORY

Contents

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

List of Figures

Acknowledgments

About the Companion Website

CHAPTER ONE Introduction

Women’s and Gender History

World and Global History

Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Difference and Intersectionality

Theory in History

Gender History as a Field

Structure of the Book

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER TWO Ideas, Ideals, Norms, and Laws

The Nature and Roles of Men and Women

Binaries

Motherhood and Fatherhood

Ideologies, Norms, and Laws Prescribing Gender Inequity

Ideologies of Egalitarianism

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER THREE Early Human History (to 3000BCE)

Early Hominids

Homo Sapiens

Paleolithic Society and Spirituality

Domestication

Agricultural Societies

The Origins of Patriarchy

Further Reading

CHAPTER FOUR Ancient Cities and States (3000BCE–600BCE)

Cities and Social Hierarchies

Writing

Families and Households

Work

Religions in the Ancient Near East

Hereditary Dynasties and Female Rulers

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER FIVE Classical Cultures (500BCE–500CE)

Family Life in the Classical Cultures of Eurasia

Sexuality in Classical Eurasia

Philosophy and Religion in East Asia: Confucianism and Daoism

Religious Traditions of South Asia: Hinduism and Buddhism

Religious Traditions in the Mediterranean: Christianity

Education and Culture

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER SIX The Middle Millennium (500CE–1500CE)

Families, Households, and Kin in Africa, the Americas, and the Pacific

Religious Traditions Transmitted Orally

State-Based Societies in the Americas

Courts and Courtly Culture

The Rise and Spread of Islam

Europe and the Mediterranean

Cities and the Gendering of Work

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER SEVEN The Early Modern World (1500CE–1800CE)

Economic Developments

The Renaissance

Religious Transformations

Families and Race

Representations of Conquest and Colonialization

Women and Politics

Further Reading

Notes

CHAPTER EIGHT The Modern World (1800CE–2021CE)

Industrialization

Imperialism

Nineteenth-century Movements for Social Change

Modern Sexuality

Wars, Revolutions, and Political Change

The Industrial and Postindustrial Economy

Families in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries

Cultural Changes in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries

Further Reading

Afterword

Further Reading

Index

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Global Perspectives

Third Edition

.....

The history done in any country, not simply Brazil and Hungary, is shaped by regional and world politics, and issues other than gender have often seemed more pressing to historians in Latin America, Eastern Europe, and other parts of the world where political and economic struggles have been intense. Universities and researchers in developing countries also have far fewer resources, which has hampered all historical research and limited opportunities for any new direction. Thus an inordinate amount of the work in the history of women, gender, and sexuality, including that which focuses on the continent of Europe and many other parts of the world, has been done by English-speaking historians, and the amount of research on English-speaking areas far outweighs that on the rest of the world. There is also imbalance within English-speaking areas, for studies of the United States vastly outnumber those of anywhere else.

There are signs that this imbalance is changing somewhat, as organizations to promote the history of women, gender and sexuality, and academic women’s/gender/sexuality studies programs are gradually being established in more countries, sometimes at great risk to those who organize them. Yet the head start of English-language scholarship, combined with the ability of many students and scholars throughout the world to read English – and the inability of many English-speaking students and scholars to read anything but English – have meant that the exchange of theoretical insights and research results has to this point been largely a one-way street.

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