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Contents

Preface

PART I THEORY

Chapter 1 Datalog: Concepts, History, and Outlook

David Maier, K. Tuncay Tekle, Michael Kifer, David S. Warren

1.1 Introduction

1.2 The Emergence of Datalog

1.3 Coining “Datalog”

1.4 Extensions to Datalog

1.5 Evaluation Techniques

1.6 Early Datalog and Deductive Database Systems

1.7 The Decline and Resurgence of Datalog

1.8 Current Systems and Comparison

1.9 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 2 An Introduction to the Stable and Well-Founded Semantics of Logic Programs

Miroslaw Truszczynski

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Terminology, Notation, and Other Preliminaries

2.3 The Case of Horn Logic Programs

2.4 Moving Beyond Horn Programs—An Informal Introduction

2.5 The Stable Model Semantics

2.6 The Well-Founded Model Semantics

2.7 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 3 A Survey of Probabilistic Logic Programming

Fabrizio Riguzzi, Theresa Swift

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Languages with the Distribution Semantics

3.3 Defining the Distribution Semantics

3.4 Other Semantics for Probabilistic Logics

3.5 Probabilistic Logic Programs and Bayesian Networks

3.6 Inferencing in Probabilistic Logic Programs

3.7 Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

PART II SYSTEMS

Chapter 4 WAM for Everyone: A Virtual Machine for Logic Programming

David S. Warren

4.1 Introduction

4.2 The Run-Time Environment of a Traditional Procedural Language

4.3 Deterministic Datalog

4.4 Deterministic Prolog

4.5 Nondeterministic Prolog

4.6 Last Call Optimization

4.7 Indexing

4.8 Environment Trimming

4.9 Features Required for Full Prolog

4.10 WAM Extensions for Tabling

4.11 Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 5 Predicate Logic as a Modeling Language: The IDP System

Broes De Cat, Bart Bogaerts, Maurice Bruynooghe, Gerda Janssens, Marc Denecker

5.1 Introduction

5.2 FO(ID, AGG, PF, T), the Formal Base Language

5.3 IDP as a Knowledge Base System

5.4 The IDP Language

5.5 Advanced Features

5.6 Under the Hood

5.7 In Practice

5.8 Related Work

5.9 Conclusion

References

Chapter 6 SolverBlox: Algebraic Modeling in Datalog

Conrado Borraz-Sánchez, Diego Klabjan, Emir Pasalic, Molham Aref

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Datalog

6.3 LogicBlox and LogiQL

6.4 Mathematical Programming with LogiQL

6.5 The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) Test Case

6.6 Conclusions and Future Work

References

PART III APPLICATIONS

Chapter 7 Exploring Life: Answer Set Programming in Bioinformatics

Alessandro Dal Palù, Agostino Dovier, Andrea Formisano, Enrico Pontelli

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Biology in a Nutshell

7.3 Answer Set Programming in a Nutshell

7.4 Phylogenetics

7.5 Haplotype Inference

7.6 RNA Secondary Structure Prediction

7.7 Protein Structure Prediction

7.8 Systems Biology

7.9 Other Logic Programming Approaches

7.10 Conclusions

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 8 State-Space Search with Tabled Logic Programs

C. R. Ramakrishnan

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Finite-State Model Checking

8.3 Infinite-State Model Checking

8.4 Simple Planning via Tabled Search

8.5 Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Chapter 9 Natural Language Processing with (Tabled and Constraint) Logic Programming

Henning Christiansen, Verónica Dahl

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Tabling, LP, and NLP

9.3 Tabled Logic Programming and Definite Clause Grammars

9.4 Using Extra Arguments for Linguistic Information

9.5 Assumption Grammars: DCGs Plus Global Memory

9.6 Constraint Handling Rules and Their Application to Language Processing

9.7 Hypothetical Reasoning with CHR and Prolog: Hyprolog

9.8 A Note on the Usefulness of Probabilistic Logic Programming for Language Processing

9.9 Conclusion

References

Chapter 10 Logic Programming Applications: What Are the Abstractions and Implementations?

Yanhong A. Liu

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Logic Language Abstractions

10.3 Join and Database-Style Queries

10.4 Recursion and Inductive Analysis

10.5 Constraint and Combinatorial Search

10.6 Further Extensions, Applications, and Discussion

10.7 Related Literature and Future Work

Acknowledgments

References

Index

Biographies

Declarative Logic Programming

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