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In Part 2 we review the theories, models and interventions for health behaviour change that are most relevant to the major causes of illness and premature death. We consider the environmental influences that affect these health-relevant behaviours and the factors that make these behaviours so resistant to change. We review interventions that offer the best opportunities for behaviour change and practical recommendations on how knowledge from health psychology can be applied to improve current systems of health care.

In Chapter 8 we review the principal theories and models of health behaviour. We illustrate their application to sexual health, the topic of our next chapter. Although the models have yielded disappointing results, they continue to dominate the research in the field. Our critique of the approach indicates the need for fresh lines of inquiry.

In Chapter 9, we focus on sexual health, and the prevention of unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections.

In Chapter 10 we examine the part played by food, diets and dieting in the changing patterns of illnesses and deaths associated with the obesity pandemic. The sub-optimal food environment has generated high levels of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, osteoporosis and dental disease.

In Chapter 11 we discuss theories and research concerned with alcohol consumption and the causes, prevention and treatment of drinking problems.

In Chapter 12 we document the extent of smoking, its major health impacts and the factors that help to explain its continued popularity. Three main theories, the biological, psychological and social, are outlined.

In Chapter 13 we review evidence on the increasing prevalence of sedentary behaviour and its potential impact on health. We consider the social and psychological factors associated with participation, the various meanings of different forms of physical activity, and the strategies that have been used to promote greater participation.