Читать книгу Terror - Michel Biard - Страница 2
ОглавлениеCONTENTS
1 Cover
7 Foreword
8 Introduction: The Demons of Terror Notes
9 Chapter 1: The Terror – a Concept Imposed by the Thermidoreans 1. How the ‘system of terror’ and the black legend of Robespierre were retrospectively invented 2. Developing use of the word ‘terror’ between 1789 and 1794 3. ‘Terror as the order of the day’: an unsaid, unofficial yet widespread order from the Convention Notes
10 Chapter 2: The Meaning of ‘Terror’ Before the Revolution 1. Terror and Enlightenment. A problematic connection 2. The concept of ‘terror’ in the Ancien Régime 3. The role of terror in political theory Notes
11 Chapter 3: Terror in the Heart: The Weight of Fears and Emotions 1. The spectre of conspiracy and treason 2. The flow of emotions and fears 3. The impossible combination of virtue and terror Notes
12 Chapter 4: The Revolution and its Opponents: Clashes and the Intensification of Repression 1. Legislation targeting refractory clergy and émigrés 2. ‘The suspects’: how the net of suspicion widened 3. Repression against ‘federalism’ and the emblematic case of the Lyon revolt Notes
13 Chapter 5: Creating Revolutionary Law: A Time of Political Exception 1. From ordinary law to ‘revolutionary’ law 2. ‘Revolutionary’ institutions and their role in repression 3. The recourse to extraordinary justice Notes
14 Chapter 6: Terror in the Convention: Political Conflict as an Engine of ‘Terror’ 1. The Convention and the clubs: from political strife to ‘purging’ 2. From arrests to political trials 3. Death as a means to eliminate opponents in the Convention 4. The elimination of factions, the apogee of ‘terror’ or the will to end it? Notes
15 Chapter 7: Paris and the Vendée at the Heart of the ‘Terror’ 1. Paris, capital of the sans-culotte movement 2. Paris, epicentre of the ‘Terror’ 3. The ‘military Vendée’, a zone of civil war Notes
16 Chapter 8: Who Lived and Who Died? The Difficult Balance Sheets of Terror 1. Working out the death toll 2. Fraternal France and fratricidal France Notes
17 Conclusion: How the Convention Reconstructed Itself After Thermidor Notes
18 Chronology for the Years of the National Convention
19 Maps
21 Index
List of Illustrations
1 MapsMap 1: The clergy who died in the Year II, ‘victims’ of the ‘terror’ according to the m…Map 2: The deputies of the Convention sent ‘on mission’, by department.Map 3: The deputies sent ‘on mission’ with the armies.Map 4: The armées révolutionnaires. Departments where at least one army, a battalion, o…Map 5: Operations of the Parisian armée révolutionnaire.Map 6: Prisons, sites of the guillotine, and cemeteries used for victims in Paris.Map 7: Number of people sentenced to death, by department.Map 8: The military commissions.Map 9: Number of individuals judged to be ‘outlawed’ (hors la loi), by department.
Guide
1 Cover
8 Foreword
9 Introduction: The Demons of Terror
11 Conclusion: How the Convention Reconstructed Itself After Thermidor
12 Chronology for the Years of the National Convention
13 Maps
15 Index
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