Читать книгу (ISC)2 CISSP Certified Information Systems Security Professional Official Practice Tests - Mike Chapple - Страница 14

SUBDOMAINS:

 6.1 Design and validate assessment, test, and audit strategies

 6.2 Conduct security control testing

 6.3 Collect security process data (e.g. technical and administrative)

 6.4 Analyze test output and generate report

 6.5 Conduct or facilitate security audits

1 During a port scan, Susan discovers a system running services on TCP and UDP 137–139 and TCP 445, as well as TCP 1433. What type of system is she likely to find if she connects to the machine?A Linux email serverA Windows SQL serverA Linux file serverA Windows workstation

2 Which of the following is a method used to automatically design new software tests and to ensure the quality of tests?Code auditingStatic code analysisRegression testingMutation testing

3 During a port scan, Naomi found TCP port 443 open on a system. Which tool is best suited to scanning the service that is most likely running on that port?zzufNiktoMetasploitsqlmap

4 What message logging standard is commonly used by network devices, Linux and Unix systems, and many other enterprise devices?SyslogNetlogEventlogRemote Log Protocol (RLP)

5 Alex wants to use an automated tool to fill web application forms to test for format string vulnerabilities. What type of tool should he use?A black boxA brute-force toolA fuzzerA static analysis tool

6 Susan needs to scan a system for vulnerabilities, and she wants to use an open source tool to test the system remotely. Which of the following tools will meet her requirements and allow vulnerability scanning?NmapOpenVASMBSANessus

7 Morgan is implementing a vulnerability management system that uses standards-based components to score and evaluate the vulnerabilities it finds. Which of the following is most commonly used to provide a severity score for vulnerabilities?CCECVSSCPEOVAL

8 Jim has been contracted to perform a penetration test of a bank's primary branch. To make the test as real as possible, he has not been given any information about the bank other than its name and address. What type of penetration test has Jim agreed to perform?A crystal-box penetration testA gray-box penetration testA black-box penetration testA white-box penetration test

9 In a response to a request for proposal, Susan receives an SSAE 18 SOC report. If she wants a report that includes operating effectiveness detail, what should Susan ask for as follow-up and why?A SOC 2 Type II report, because Type I does not cover operating effectivenessA SOC 1 Type I report, because SOC 2 does not cover operating effectivenessA SOC 2 Type I report, because SOC 2 Type II does not cover operating effectivenessA SOC 3 report, because SOC 1 and SOC 2 reports are outdated

10 During a wireless network penetration test, Susan runs aircrack-ng against the network using a password file. What might cause her to fail in her password-cracking efforts?Using WPA2 encryptionRunning WPA2 in Enterprise modeUsing WEP encryptionRunning WPA2 in PSK mode

11 A zero-day vulnerability is announced for the popular Apache web server in the middle of a workday. In Jacob's role as an information security analyst, he needs to quickly scan his network to determine what servers are vulnerable to the issue. What is Jacob's best route to quickly identify vulnerable systems?Immediately run Nessus against all of the servers to identify which systems are vulnerable.Review the CVE database to find the vulnerability information and patch information.Create a custom IDS or IPS signature.Identify affected versions and check systems for that version number using an automated scanner.

12 What type of testing is used to ensure that separately developed software modules properly exchange data?FuzzingDynamic testingInterface testingAPI checksums

13 Selah wants to provide security assessment information to customers who want to use her organization's cloud services. Which of the following options should she select to ensure that the greatest number of customers are satisfied with the assessment information?Use an internal audit team to self-assess against internal metrics.Use a third-party auditor.Use internal technical staff who know the systems.Use an internal audit team to self-assess against a common standard like COBIT.

14 Yasmine has been asked to consider a breach and attack simulation system. What type of system should she look for?A ticket and change management system designed to help manage incidentsA system that runs incident response simulations for blue teams to test their skillsA system that combines red and blue team techniques with automationA security operations and response (SOAR) system

15 Monica wants to gather information about security awareness in her organization. What technique is most frequently used to assess security awareness?Phishing simulatorsGamified applicationsAssessment testsSurveys

16 Jim has been contracted to conduct a gray-box penetration test, and his clients have provided him with the following information about their networks so that he can scan them:Data center: 10.10.10.0/24Sales: 10.10.11.0/24Billing: 10.10.12.0/24Wireless: 192.168.0.0/16What problem will Jim encounter if he is contracted to conduct a scan from off-site?The IP ranges are too large to scan efficiently.The IP addresses provided cannot be scanned.The IP ranges overlap and will cause scanning issues.The IP addresses provided are RFC 1918 addresses.

17 Mark's company has been notified that there is a flaw in their web application. The anonymous individual has notified them that they have two weeks to fix it before the details of the flaw are published along with example exploit code. What industry norm is the individual who contacted Mark's company violating?Zero-day reportingEthical disclosureEthical hackingThe (ISC)2 vulnerability disclosure ethics statementFor questions 18–20, please refer to the following scenario:The company that Jennifer works for has implemented a central logging infrastructure, as shown in the following image. Use this diagram and your knowledge of logging systems to answer the following questions.

18 Jennifer needs to ensure that all Windows systems provide identical logging information to the SIEM. How can she best ensure that all Windows desktops have the same log settings?Perform periodic configuration audits.Use Group Policy.Use Local Policy.Deploy a Windows syslog client.

19 During normal operations, Jennifer's team uses the SIEM appliance to monitor for exceptions received via syslog. What system shown does not natively have support for syslog events?Enterprise wireless access pointsWindows desktop systemsLinux web serversEnterprise firewall devices

20 What technology should an organization use for each of the devices shown in the diagram to ensure that logs can be time sequenced across the entire infrastructure?SyslogNTPLogsyncSNAP

21 During a penetration test, Michelle needs to identify systems, but she hasn't gained sufficient access on the system she is using to generate raw packets. What type of scan should she run to verify the most open services?A TCP connect scanA TCP SYN scanA UDP scanAn ICMP scan

22 During a port scan using nmap, Joseph discovers that a system shows two ports open that cause him immediate worry:21/open23/openWhat services are likely running on those ports?SSH and FTPFTP and TelnetSMTP and TelnetPOP3 and SMTP

23 Aaron wants to validate his compliance with PCI-DSS. His company is a large commercial organization with millions of dollars in transactions a year. What is the most common method of conducting this type of testing for large organizations?Self-assessmentTo conduct a thirty-party assessment using COBITTo partner with another company and trade assessments between the organizationsTo conduct a third-party assessment using a qualified security assessor

24 What method is commonly used to assess how well software testing covered the potential uses of an application?A test coverage analysisA source code reviewA fuzz analysisA code review report

25 Testing that is focused on functions that a system should not allow is an example of what type of testing?Use case testingManual testingMisuse case testingDynamic testing

26 What type of monitoring uses simulated traffic to a website to monitor performance?Log analysisSynthetic monitoringPassive monitoringSimulated transaction analysis

27 Derek wants to ensure that his organization tracks all changes to accounts through their lifecycle. What type of tool should he invest in for his organization?A directory service like LDAPAn IAM systemAn SIEMAn EDR system

28 Jim uses a tool that scans a system for available services and then connects to them to collect banner information to determine what version of the service is running. It then provides a report detailing what it gathers, basing results on service fingerprinting, banner information, and similar details it gathers combined with CVE information. What type of tool is Jim using?A port scannerA service validatorA vulnerability scannerA patch management tool

29 Emily builds a script that sends data to a web application that she is testing. Each time the script runs, it sends a series of transactions with data that fits the expected requirements of the web application to verify that it responds to typical customer behavior. What type of transactions is she using, and what type of test is this?Synthetic, passive monitoringSynthetic, use case testingActual, dynamic monitoringActual, fuzzing

30 What passive monitoring technique records all user interaction with an application or website to ensure quality and performance?Client/server testingReal user monitoringSynthetic user monitoringPassive user recording

31 Earlier this year, the information security team at Jim's employer identified a vulnerability in the web server that Jim is responsible for maintaining. He immediately applied the patch and is sure that it installed properly, but the vulnerability scanner has continued to incorrectly flag the system as vulnerable. To deal with the issue so that it does not continue to be flagged incorrectly?Uninstall and reinstall the patch.Ask the information security team to flag the system as patched and not vulnerable to that particular flaw.Update the version information in the web server's configuration.Review the vulnerability report and use alternate remediation options.

32 Angela wants to test a web browser's handling of unexpected data using an automated tool. What tool should she choose?NmapzzufNessusNikto

33 STRIDE, which stands for Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, Elevation of Privilege, is useful in what part of application threat modeling?Vulnerability assessmentMisuse case testingThreat categorizationPenetration test planning

34 Why should passive scanning be conducted in addition to implementing wireless security technologies like wireless intrusion detection systems?It can help identify rogue devices.It can test the security of the wireless network via scripted attacks.Their short dwell time on each wireless channel can allow them to capture more packets.They can help test wireless IDS or IPS systems.

35 Paul is reviewing the approval process for a penetration test and wants to ensure that it has appropriate management review. Who should he ensure has approved the request for a penetration test for a business system?The change advisory boardSenior managementThe systems administrator for the systemThe service owner

36 What term describes software testing that is intended to uncover new bugs introduced by patches or configuration changes?Nonregression testingEvolution testingSmoke testingRegression testing

37 Which of the following tools cannot identify a target's operating system for a penetration tester?NmapNessusNiktosqlmap

38 Susan needs to predict high-risk areas for her organization and wants to use metrics to assess risk trends as they occur. What should she do to handle this?Perform yearly risk assessments.Hire a penetration testing company to regularly test organizational security.Identify and track key risk indicators.Monitor logs and events using a SIEM device.

39 What major difference separates synthetic and passive monitoring?Synthetic monitoring works only after problems have occurred.Passive monitoring cannot detect functionality issues.Passive monitoring works only after problems have occurred.Synthetic monitoring cannot detect functionality issues.For questions 40–42, please refer to the following scenario. Chris uses the standard penetration testing methodology shown here. Use this methodology and your knowledge of penetration testing to answer questions about tool usage during a penetration test.

40 What task is the most important during Phase 1, Planning?Building a test labGetting authorizationGathering appropriate toolsDetermining if the test is white, black, or gray box

41 Which of the following tools is most likely to be used during discovery?NessusjohnNmapNikto

42 Which of these concerns is the most important to address during planning to ensure that the reporting phase does not cause problems?Which CVE format to useHow the vulnerability data will be stored and sentWhich targets are off-limitsHow long the report should be

43 What four types of coverage criteria are commonly used when validating the work of a code testing suite?Input, statement, branch, and condition coverageFunction, statement, branch, and condition coverageAPI, branch, bounds, and condition coverageBounds, branch, loop, and condition coverage

44 As part of his role as a security manager, Jacob provides the following chart to his organization's management team. What type of measurement is he providing for them?A coverage rate measureA key performance indicatorA time to live metricA business criticality indicator

45 What does using unique user IDs for all users provide when reviewing logs?ConfidentialityIntegrityAvailabilityAccountability

46 Which of the following is not an interface that is typically tested during the software testing process?APIsNetwork interfaces UIsPhysical interfaces

47 Alan's organization uses the Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) to standardize its vulnerability management program. Which component of SCAP can Alan use to reconcile the identity of vulnerabilities generated by different security assessment tools?OVALXCCDFCVESCE

48 Susan is reviewing software testing coverage data and sees the information shown in the following figure. What can she determine about this testing process? (Select all answers that apply.)The testing does not have full coverage.Test 4 completed with no failures.Test 2 failed to run successfully.The testing needs to be run a fifth time.

49 Which of the following strategies is not a reasonable approach for remediating a vulnerability identified by a vulnerability scanner?Install a patch.Use a workaround fix.Update the banner or version number.Use an application layer firewall or IPS to prevent attacks against the identified vulnerability.

50 During a penetration test, Selah calls her target's help desk claiming to be the senior assistant to an officer of the company. She requests that the help desk reset the officer's password because of an issue with his laptop while traveling and persuades them to do so. What type of attack has she successfully completed?Zero knowledgeHelp desk spoofingSocial engineeringBlack box

51 In this image, what issue may occur due to the log handling settings?Log data may be lost when the log is archived.Log data may be overwritten.Log data may not include needed information.Log data may fill the system disk.

52 Which of the following is not a hazard associated with penetration testing?Application crashesDenial of service BlackoutsData corruption

53 Which NIST special publication covers the assessment of security and privacy controls?800-12800-53A800-34800-86

54 Michelle is conducting a quantitative business impact assessment and wants to collect data to determine the dollar cost of downtime. What information would she need from outages during the previous year to calculate the cost of those outages to the business? (Select all that apply.)The total amount of time the business was downThe number of personnel hours worked to recover from the outageThe business lost during the outage per hour in dollarsThe average employee wage per hour

55 If Kara's primary concern is preventing eavesdropping attacks, which port should she block?22804431433

56 If Kara's primary concern is preventing administrative connections to the server, which port should she block?22804431433

57 During a third-party audit, Jim's company receives a finding that states, “The administrator should review backup success and failure logs on a daily basis and take action in a timely manner to resolve reported exceptions.” What potential problem does this finding indicate?Administrators will not know if the backups succeeded or failed.The backups may not be properly logged.The backups may not be usable.The backup logs may not be properly reviewed.

58 Jim is helping his organization decide on audit standards for use throughout their international organization. Which of the following is not an IT standard that Jim's organization is likely to use as part of its audits?COBITSSAE-18ITILISO 27001

59 Nicole wants to conduct a standards-based audit of her organization. Which of the following is commonly used to describe common requirements for information systems?IECCOBITFISADMCA

60 Kelly's team conducts regression testing on each patch that they release. What key performance measure should they maintain to measure the effectiveness of their testing?Time to remediate vulnerabilitiesA measure of the rate of defect recurrenceA weighted risk trendA measure of the specific coverage of their testing

61 Which of the following types of code review is not typically performed by a human?Software inspectionsPair programmingStatic program analysisSoftware walk-throughsFor questions 62–64, please refer to the following scenario:Susan is the lead of a quality assurance team at her company. The team has been tasked with the testing for a major release of their company's core software product.

62 Susan's team of software testers are required to test every code path, including those that will only be used when an error condition occurs. What type of testing environment does her team need to ensure complete code coverage?White boxGray boxBlack boxDynamic

63 As part of the continued testing of their new application, Susan's quality assurance team has designed a set of test cases for a series of black-box tests. These functional tests are then run, and a report is prepared explaining what has occurred. What type of report is typically generated during this testing to indicate test metrics?A test coverage reportA penetration test reportA code coverage reportA line coverage report

64 As part of their code coverage testing, Susan's team runs the analysis in a nonproduction environment using logging and tracing tools. Which of the following types of code issues is most likely to be missed during testing due to this change in the operating environment?Improper bounds checkingInput validationA race conditionPointer manipulation

65 Robin recently conducted a vulnerability scan and found a critical vulnerability on a server that handles sensitive information. What should Robin do next?PatchingReportingRemediationValidation

66 The automated code testing and integration that Andrea ran as part of her organization's CI/CD pipeline errored out. What should Andrea do with the code if the company needs the code to go live immediately?Manually bypass the test.Review error logs to identify the problem.Rerun the test to see if it works.Send the code back to the developer for a fix.

67 Michelle wants to compare vulnerabilities she has discovered in her data center based on how exploitable they are, if exploit code exists, and how hard they are to remediate. What scoring system should she use to compare vulnerability metrics like these?CSVNVDVSSCVSS

68 During a port scan of his network, Alex finds that a number of hosts respond on TCP ports 80, 443, 515, and 9100 in offices throughout his organization. What type of devices is Alex likely discovering?Web serversFile serversWireless access pointsPrinters

69 Nikto, Burp Suite, and Wapiti are all examples of what type of tool?Web application vulnerability scannersCode review toolsVulnerability scannersPort scanners

70 Frank's team is testing a new API that his company's developers have built for their application infrastructure. Which of the following is not a common API issue that you would expect Frank's team to find?Improper encryptionObject-level authorization issuesUser authentication issuesLack of rate limiting

71 Jim is working with a penetration testing contractor who proposes using Metasploit as part of her penetration testing effort. What should Jim expect to occur when Metasploit is used?Systems will be scanned for vulnerabilities.Systems will have known vulnerabilities exploited.Services will be probed for buffer overflow and other unknown flaws.Systems will be tested for zero-day exploits.

72 Susan needs to ensure that the interactions between the components of her e-commerce application are all handled properly. She intends to verify communications, error handling, and session management capabilities throughout her infrastructure. What type of testing is she planning to conduct?Misuse case testingFuzzingRegression testingInterface testing

73 Jim is designing his organization's log management systems and knows that he needs to carefully plan to handle the organization's log data. Which of the following is not a factor that Jim should be concerned with?The volume of log dataA lack of sufficient log sourcesData storage security requirementsNetwork bandwidth

74 Ryan's organization wants to ensure that proper account management is occurring but does not have a central identity and access management tool in place. Ryan has a limited amount of time to do his verification process. What is his best option to test the account management process as part of an internal audit?Validate all accounts changed in the past 90 days.Select high-value administrative accounts for validation.Validate all account changes in the past 180 days.Validate a random sample of accounts.

75 When a Windows system is rebooted, what type of log is generated?ErrorWarningInformationFailure audit

76 During a review of access logs, Alex notices that Michelle logged into her workstation in New York at 8 a.m. daily but that she was recorded as logging into her department's main web application shortly after 3 a.m. daily. What common logging issue has Alex likely encountered?Inconsistent log formattingModified logsInconsistent timestampsMultiple log sources

77 What type of vulnerability scan accesses configuration information from the systems it is run against as well as information that can be accessed via services available via the network?Authenticated scansWeb application scansUnauthenticated scansPort scansFor questions 78–80, please refer to the following scenario:Ben's organization has begun to use STRIDE to assess its software and has identified threat agents and the business impacts that these threats could have. Now they are working to identify appropriate controls for the issues they have identified.

78 Ben's development team needs to address an authorization issue, resulting in an elevation of privilege threat. Which of the following controls is most appropriate to this type of issue?Auditing and logging are enabled.Role-based access control is used for specific operations.Data type and format checks are enabled.User input is tested against a whitelist.

79 Ben's team is attempting to categorize a transaction identification issue that is caused by use of a symmetric key shared by multiple servers. What STRIDE category should this fall into?Information disclosureDenial of serviceTamperingRepudiation

80 Ben wants to use a third-party service to help assess denial-of-service attack vulnerabilities due the amount of traffic during denial-of-service attacks. What type of engagement should he suggest to his organization?A social engineering engagementA penetration testLoad or stress testingTesting using a fuzzer

81 Chris is troubleshooting an issue with his organization's SIEM reporting. After analyzing the issue, he believes that the timestamps on log entries from different systems are inconsistent. What protocol can he use to resolve this issue?SSHFTPTLSNTP

82 Ryan is considering the use of fuzz testing in his web application testing program. Which one of the following statements about fuzz testing should Ryan consider when making his decision?Fuzzers only find complex faults.Testers must manually generate input.Fuzzers may not fully cover the code.Fuzzers can't reproduce errors.

83 Ken is designing a testing process for software developed by his team. He is designing a test that verifies that every line of code was executed during the test. What type of analysis is Ken performing?Branch coverageCondition coverageFunction coverageStatement coverageFor questions 84–86, please refer to the following scenario. During a port scan, Ben uses nmap's default settings and sees the following results.

84 If Ben is conducting a penetration test, what should his next step be after receiving these results?Connect to the web server using a web browser.Connect via Telnet to test for vulnerable accounts.Identify interesting ports for further scanning.Use sqlmap against the open databases.

85 Based on the scan results, what operating system (OS) was the system that was scanned most likely running?Windows DesktopLinuxNetwork deviceWindows Server

86 Ben's manager expresses concern about the coverage of his scan. Why might his manager have this concern?Ben did not test UDP services.Ben did not discover ports outside the “well-known ports.”Ben did not perform OS fingerprinting.Ben tested only a limited number of ports.

87 Lucca is reviewing his organization's disaster recovery process data and notes that the MTD for the business's main website is two hours. What does he know about the RTO for the site when he does testing and validation?It needs to be less than two hours.It needs to be at least two hours.The MTD is too short and needs to be longer.The RTO is too short and needs to be longer.

88 Diana has engaged third-party auditors and wants to release an audit attestation to third parties without including details of the audit. What type of SSAE 18 SOC report should she request?SOC 1SOC 2SOC 3SOC 4

89 While reviewing the software testing output for her organization's new application, Madhuri notices that the application has produced errors that included directory and file information shown to the web application tester. What issue should she include in her report about the application?It does not perform proper exception handling.The software does not handle misuse case testing properly.Debugging statements need to be removed.The code was not fully tested due to errors.

90 What is the first step that should occur before a penetration test is performed?Data gatheringPort scanningGetting permissionPlanning

91 The president of Josh's company is concerned about a significant increase in cryptographic malware that is impacting other companies in their industry. She has asked John to ensure that the company's data will be recoverable if malware strikes and encrypts their production systems. What process does Josh need to undertake to be able to tell her that the company is covered?Encrypt all sensitive data.Hash all of the organization's data to detect cryptographic malware.Perform backup verification.Use anti-encryption technology to prevent the malware from encrypting drives.

92 Joanna is her organization's CISO, and in her security operations oversight role she wants to ensure that management oversight is happening for security-related changes. What system should she focus on to track this type of data in most organizations?The SIEM systemThe IPS systemThe CMS toolThe ITSM tool

93 Henry wants to validate that his backups are working. Which of the following options is the best way for him to ensure that the backups will be useful in a true disaster recovery scenario?Periodically restore a random file to ensure that the backups are working.Review configurations and settings on a regular schedule to validate backup settings.Review the backup logs to ensure no errors are occurring.Regularly perform full restores from backups to validate their success.

94 What type of vulnerabilities will not be found by a vulnerability scanner?Local vulnerabilitiesService vulnerabilitiesZero-day vulnerabilitiesVulnerabilities that require authentication

95 Jacinda wants to measure the effectiveness of her security training as one of her security metrics. Which of the following measures are the most useful for assessing the effectiveness of security awareness training? (Select all that apply.)How many people took the trainingThe level of security awareness before and after the trainingThe length of the training in hoursThe number of training events each individual attended this year

96 Elaine has discovered a previously unknown critical vulnerability in a product that her organization uses. Her organization has a strong commitment to ethical disclosure, and Elaine wants to follow common ethical disclosure practices. What should she do first?Build an in-house remediation or control and then publicly disclosure the vulnerability to prompt the vendor to patch it quickly.Build an in-house remediation or control and then notify the vendor of the issue.Notify the vendor and give them a reasonable amount of time to fix the issue.Publicly disclose the vulnerability so that the vendor will patch it in an appropriate amount of time.For questions 97–99, please refer to the following scenario. NIST Special Publication 800-115, the Technical Guide to Information Security Testing and Assessment, provides NIST's process for penetration testing. Use this image as well as your knowledge of penetration testing to answer the questions.Source: NIST SP 800-115.

97 Which of the following is not a part of the discovery phase?Hostname and IP address information gatheringService information captureDumpster divingPrivilege escalation

98 NIST specifies four attack phase steps: gaining access, escalating privileges, system browsing, and installing additional tools. Once attackers install additional tools, what phase will a penetration tester typically return to?DiscoveryGaining accessEscalating privilegesSystem browsing

99 Which of the following is not a typical part of a penetration test report?A list of identified vulnerabilitiesAll sensitive data that was gathered during the testRisk ratings for each issue discoveredMitigation guidance for issues identified

100 Alex is using nmap to perform port scanning of a system, and he receives three different port status messages in the results. Match each of the numbered status messages with the appropriate lettered description. You should use each item exactly once.Status messageOpenClosedFilteredDescriptionThe port is accessible on the remote system, but no application is accepting connections on that port.The port is not accessible on the remote system.The port is accessible on the remote system, and an application is accepting connections on that port.