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THE SSCP EXAM TOPICS COVERED IN THIS CHAPTER INCLUDE:

 Domain 2.0: Access Controls2.1 Implement and maintain authentication methodsSingle/multi-factor authentication (MFA)Single sign-on (SSO) (e.g., Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS), OpenID Connect)Device authenticationFederated access (e.g., Open Authorization 2 (OAuth2), Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML))2.2 Support internetwork trust architecturesTrust relationships (e.g., 1-way, 2-way, transitive, zero)Internet, intranet, and extranetThird-party connections2.3 Participate in the identity management lifecycleAuthorizationProofingProvisioning/de-provisioningMaintenanceEntitlementIdentity and access management (IAM) systems2.4 Understand and apply access controlsMandatoryDiscretionaryRole-based (e.g., attribute-, subject-, object-based)Rule-based

1 Greg is the network administrator for a large stadium that hosts many events throughout the course of the year. They equip ushers with handheld scanners to verify tickets. Ushers turn over frequently and are often hired at the last minute. Scanners are handed out to ushers before each event, but different ushers may use different scanners. Scanners are secured in a locked safe when not in use. What network access control approach would be most effective for this scenario?Multifactor authenticationDevice authenticationPassword authenticationNo authentication

2 Norma is helping her organization create a specialized third-party network connection for a set of vendors needing to connect to Norma’s organization’s network to process invoices and upload inventory. This network should be segmented from the rest of the corporate network but have a much higher degree of access than the general public. What type of network is Norma building?InternetIntranetOutranetExtranet

3 Which one of the following is an example of a nondiscretionary access control system?File ACLsMACDACVisitor list

4 Wanda is configuring device-based authentication for systems on her network. Which one of the following approaches offers the strongest way to authenticate devices?IP addressMAC addressDigital certificatePassword

5 Kaiden is creating an extranet for his organization and is concerned about unauthorized eavesdropping on network communications. Which one of the following technologies can he use to mitigate this risk?VPNFirewallContent filterProxy server

6 When Ben lists the files on a Linux system, he sees the set of attributes shown here.The letters rwx indicate different levels of what?IdentificationAuthorizationAuthenticationAccountability

7 Which one of the following tools is most often used for identification purposes and is not suitable for use as an authenticator?PasswordRetinal scanUsernameToken

8 Gary is preparing to create an account for a new user and assign privileges to the HR database. What two elements of information must Gary verify before granting this access?Credentials and need to knowClearance and need to knowPassword and clearancePassword and biometric scan

Ben’s organization is adopting biometric authentication for its high-security building’s access control system. Use the following chart to answer questions 9–11 about the organization’s adoption of the technology.

1 Ben’s company is considering configuring its systems to work at the level shown by point A on the diagram. To what level is it setting the sensitivity?The FRR crossoverThe FAR pointThe CERThe CFR

2 At point B, what problem is likely to occur?False acceptance will be very high.False rejection will be very high.False rejection will be very low.False acceptance will be very low.

3 What should Ben do if the FAR and FRR shown in this diagram does not provide an acceptable performance level for his organization’s needs?Adjust the sensitivity of the biometric devices.Assess other biometric systems to compare them.Move the CER.Adjust the FRR settings in software.

4 When a subject claims an identity, what process is occurring?LoginIdentificationAuthorizationToken presentation

5 Files, databases, computers, programs, processes, devices, and media are all examples of what?SubjectsObjectsFile storesUsers

6 MAC models use three types of environments. Which of the following is not a mandatory access control design?HierarchicalBracketedCompartmentalizedHybrid

7 Ryan would like to implement an access control technology that is likely to both improve security and increase user satisfaction. Which one of the following technologies meets this requirement?Mandatory access controlsSingle sign-onMultifactor authenticationAutomated deprovisioning

8 The leadership at Susan’s company has asked her to implement an access control system that can support rule declarations like “Only allow access to salespeople from managed devices on the wireless network between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.” What type of access control system would be Susan’s best choice?ABACRule-based access control (RBAC)DACMAC

9 What is the primary advantage of decentralized access control?It provides better redundancy.It provides control of access to people closer to the resources.It is less expensive.It provides more granular control of access.

10 Which of the following is best described as an access control model that focuses on subjects and identifies the objects that each subject can access?An access control listAn implicit denial listA capability tableA rights management matrix

11 Match each of the numbered authentication techniques with the appropriate lettered category. Each technique should be matched with exactly one category. Each category may be used once, more than once, or not at all.Authentication techniquePasswordID cardRetinal scanSmartphone tokenFingerprint analysisCategorySomething you haveSomething you knowSomething you are

12 Susan wants to integrate her website to allow users to use accounts from sites like Google. What technology should she adopt?KerberosLDAPOpenIDSESAME

13 Ben uses a software-based token that changes its code every minute. What type of token is he using?AsynchronousSmart cardSynchronousStatic

14 How does single sign-on increase security?It decreases the number of accounts required for a subject.It helps decrease the likelihood that users will write down their passwords.It provides logging for each system that it is connected to.It provides better encryption for authentication data.

15 Which of the following multifactor authentication technologies provides both low management overhead and flexibility?BiometricsSoftware tokensSynchronous hardware tokensAsynchronous hardware tokens

16 Tom is planning to terminate an employee this afternoon for fraud and expects that the meeting will be somewhat hostile. He is coordinating the meeting with human resources and wants to protect the company against damage. Which one of the following steps is most important to coordinate in time with the termination meeting?Informing other employees of the terminationRetrieving the employee’s photo IDCalculating the final paycheckRevoking electronic access rights

17 Jim wants to allow a partner organization’s Active Directory forest (B) to access his domain forest’s (A)’s resources but doesn’t want to allow users in his domain to access B’s resources. He also does not want the trust to flow upward through the domain tree as it is formed. What should he do?Set up a two-way transitive trust.Set up a one-way transitive trust.Set up a one-way nontransitive trust.Set up a two-way nontransitive trust.

18 The financial services company that Susan works for provides a web portal for its users. When users need to verify their identity, the company uses information from third-party sources to ask questions based on their past credit reports, such as “Which of the following streets did you live on in 2007?” What process is Susan’s organization using?Identity proofingPassword verificationAuthenticating with Type 2 authentication factorOut-of-band identity proofing

19 Lauren’s team of system administrators each deal with hundreds of systems with varying levels of security requirements and find it difficult to handle the multitude of usernames and passwords they each have. What type of solution should she recommend to ensure that passwords are properly handled and that features such as logging and password rotation occur?A credential management systemA strong password policySeparation of dutiesSingle sign-on

20 What type of trust relationship extends beyond the two domains participating in the trust to one or more of their subdomains?Transitive trustInheritable trustNontransitive trustNoninheritable trust

21 Adam is accessing a standalone file server using a username and password provided to him by the server administrator. Which one of the following entities is guaranteed to have information necessary to complete the authorization process?AdamFile serverServer administratorAdam’s supervisor

22 After 10 years working in her organization, Cassandra is moving into her fourth role, this time as a manager in the accounting department. What issue is likely to show up during an account review if her organization does not have strong account maintenance practices?An issue with least privilegePrivilege creepAccount creepAccount termination

23 Adam recently configured permissions on an NTFS filesystem to describe the access that different users may have to a file by listing each user individually. What did Adam create?An access control listAn access control entryRole-based access controlMandatory access control

24 Questions like “What is your pet’s name?” are examples of what type of identity proofing?Knowledge-based authenticationDynamic knowledge-based authenticationOut-of-band identity proofingA Type 3 authentication factor

25 What access management concept defines what rights or privileges a user has?IdentificationAccountabilityAuthorizationAuthentication

26 Susan has been asked to recommend whether her organization should use a MAC scheme or a DAC scheme. If flexibility and scalability are important requirements for implementing access controls, which scheme should she recommend and why?MAC, because it provides greater scalability and flexibility because you can simply add more labels as neededDAC, because allowing individual administrators to make choices about the objects they control provides scalability and flexibilityMAC, because compartmentalization is well suited to flexibility and adding compartments will allow it to scale wellDAC, because a central decision process allows quick responses and will provide scalability by reducing the number of decisions required and flexibility by moving those decisions to a central authority

27 Which of the following tools is not typically used to verify that a provisioning process was followed in a way that ensures that the organization’s security policy is being followed?Log reviewManual review of permissionsSignature-based detectionReview the audit trail

28 Joe is the security administrator for an ERP system. He is preparing to create accounts for several new employees. What default access should he give to all of the new employees as he creates the accounts?Read onlyEditorAdministratorNo access

29 A new customer at a bank that uses fingerprint scanners to authenticate its users is surprised when he scans his fingerprint and is logged in to another customer’s account. What type of biometric factor error occurred?A registration errorA Type 1 errorA Type 2 errorA time-of-use, method-of-use error

30 Laura is in the process of logging into a system and she just entered her password. What term best describes this activity?AuthenticationAuthorizationAccountingIdentification

31 Kelly is adjusting her organization’s password requirements to make them consistent with best practice guidance from NIST. What should she choose as the most appropriate time period for password expiration?30 days90 days180 daysNo expiration

32 Ben is working on integrating a federated identity management system and needs to exchange authentication and authorization information for browser-based single sign-on. What technology is his best option?HTMLXACMLSAMLSPML

33 What access control scheme labels subjects and objects and allows subjects to access objects when the labels match?DACMACRule-based access control (RBAC)Role-based access control (RBAC)

34 Mandatory access control is based on what type of model?DiscretionaryGroup-basedLattice-basedRule-based

35 Ricky would like to access a remote file server through a VPN connection. He begins this process by connecting to the VPN and attempting to log in. Applying the subject/object model to this request, what is the subject of Ricky’s login attempt?RickyVPNRemote file serverFiles contained on the remote server

36 What type of access control is typically used by firewalls?Discretionary access controlsRule-based access controlsTask-based access controlMandatory access controls

37 Gabe is concerned about the security of passwords used as a cornerstone of his organization’s information security program. Which one of the following controls would provide the greatest improvement in Gabe’s ability to authenticate users?More complex passwordsUser education against social engineeringMultifactor authenticationAddition of security questions based on personal knowledge

38 During a review of support incidents, Ben’s organization discovered that password changes accounted for more than a quarter of its help desk’s cases. Which of the following options would be most likely to decrease that number significantly?Two-factor authenticationBiometric authenticationSelf-service password resetPassphrases

39 Jim wants to allow cloud-based applications to act on his behalf to access information from other sites. Which of the following tools can allow that?KerberosOAuthOpenIDLDAP

40 Which one of the following activities is an example of an authorization process?User providing a passwordUser passing a facial recognition checkSystem logging user activitySystem consulting an access control list

41 Raul is creating a trust relationship between his company and a vendor. He is implementing the system so that it will allow users from the vendor’s organization to access his accounts payable system using the accounts created for them by the vendor. What type of authentication is Raul implementing?Federated authenticationTransitive trustMultifactor authenticationSingle sign-on

42 In Luke’s company, users change job positions on a regular basis. Luke would like the company’s access control system to make it easy for administrators to adjust permissions when these changes occur. Which model of access control is best suited for Luke’s needs?Mandatory access controlDiscretionary access controlRule-based access controlRole-based access control

43 When you input a user ID and password, you are performing what important identity and access management activity?AuthorizationValidationAuthenticationLogin

44 Which of the following is a ticket-based authentication protocol designed to provide secure communication?RADIUSOAuthSAMLKerberos

45 Which of the following authenticators is appropriate to use by itself rather than in combination with other biometric factors?Voice pattern recognitionHand geometryPalm scansHeart/pulse patterns

46 What type of token-based authentication system uses a challenge/response process in which the challenge must be entered on the token?AsynchronousSmart cardSynchronousRFID

47 As part of hiring a new employee, Kathleen’s identity management team creates a new user object and ensures that the user object is available in the directories and systems where it is needed. What is this process called?RegistrationProvisioningPopulationAuthenticator loading

48 What access control system lets owners decide who has access to the objects they own?Role-based access controlTask-based access controlDiscretionary access controlRule-based access control

49 When Alex sets the permissions shown in the following image as one of many users on a Linux server, what type of access control model is he leveraging?Role-based access controlRule-based access controlMandatory access control (MAC)Discretionary access control (DAC)

50 The U.S. government CAC is an example of what form of Type 2 authentication factor?A tokenA biometric identifierA smart cardA PIV

51 Donna is conducting an ongoing review of her organization’s identity and access management system and identifies a problem. She finds that when users change jobs, they never have the access rights associated with their old jobs removed. What term best describes this issue?Rights managementPrivilege creepTwo-person controlLeast privilege

52 Which objects and subjects have a label in a MAC model?Objects and subjects that are classified as Confidential, Secret, or Top Secret have a label.All objects have a label, and all subjects have a compartment.All objects and subjects have a label.All subjects have a label and all objects have a compartment.

53 Jack’s organization is a government agency that handles very sensitive information. They need to implement an access control system that allows administrators to set access rights but does not allow the delegation of those rights to other users. What is the best type of access control design for Jack’s organization?Discretionary access controlMandatory access controlDecentralized access controlRule-based access control

54 Kathleen works for a data center hosting facility that provides physical data center space for individuals and organizations. Until recently, each client was given a magnetic-strip-based keycard to access the section of the facility where their servers are located, and they were also given a key to access the cage or rack where their servers reside. In the past month, several servers have been stolen, but the logs for the pass cards show only valid IDs. What is Kathleen’s best option to make sure that the users of the pass cards are who they are supposed to be?Add a reader that requires a PIN for passcard users.Add a camera system to the facility to observe who is accessing servers.Add a biometric factor.Replace the magnetic stripe keycards with smartcards.

55 What term is used to describe the default set of privileges assigned to a user when a new account is created?AggregationTransitivityBaselineEntitlement

56 Kathleen is implementing an access control system for her organization and builds the following array:Reviewers: update files, delete filesSubmitters: upload filesEditors: upload files, update filesArchivists: delete filesWhat type of access control system has Kathleen implemented?Role-based access controlTask-based access controlRule-based access controlDiscretionary access control

57 When a user attempts to log into their online account, Google sends a text message with a code to their cell phone. What type of verification is this?Knowledge-based authenticationDynamic knowledge-based authenticationOut-of-band identity proofingRisk-based identity proofing

58 In a zero-trust network architecture, what criterion is used to make trust decisions?Identity of a user or deviceIP addressNetwork segmentVLAN membership