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Chapter 1

The Long Road Home

For a man is a little lower than the angels, yet was made that he might become the companion of the Creative Forces; and thus was given—in the breath of life—the individual soul, the stamp of approval as it were of the Creator; with the ability to know itself to be itself, and to make itself, as one with the Creative Forces—irrespective of other influences.

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Every moment spent on earth has profound meaning. We are here to allow “the divine purpose of the universe to unfold.”¹ Human history is a tale told through countless iterations of the soul’s journey back to God awareness—a record of the human race and its pilgrimage through the earth on a quest to find the Holy Grail of its God-self again. The time has come to remember who we really are. Consciousness is expanding, and each of us plays a vital role in its universal evolution.

Masters throughout the ages have pointed out the way back to the Godhead—the wellspring of our existence and true abode. The great teachers that were Shankara, Buddha, Lao Tze—and every other awakened individual able to directly experience the presence of God on this plane—have helped map out the route for this spiritual adventure, which began so long ago. So, too, did the work of a twentieth-century psychic and mystic named Edgar Cayce shed new light on the soul’s tenure on earth by offering a more expansive and multifaceted view of humankind and its passage through time and space in the search for God. His legacy of more than 14,000 readings focused extensively on the journey of one particular soul, which more than any other, had discovered the way back to a state of paradisiacal harmony with its Creator and then chose to serve as the transparency by which others might experience that reality here and now. By fully reuniting with the central principle of the universe, this soul established the pattern for salvation and in the process literally became the law: Jesus of Nazareth.

For Christians especially, the movement back to God consciousness was demonstrated most powerfully by this one man whose life story has mesmerized and inspired billions of people around the globe. Jesus’ unsurpassed mastery over sin and the downward pull of materiality had ordained him a Christos or Christ, the anointed one. And for twenty-one centuries his followers have venerated him as God itself. But the belief that he alone was divine corrupted the core truth this deliverer had come to reveal. God-with-us was the message the Son of Man had disclosed to the masses and proven with the miracles attributed to his ministry. Yet ever since his death and resurrection those who dreaded the impact this truth might have on the status quo have tried mightily to suppress his astounding revelation, burying it under the weight of thousands of years of theological constructs, religious iconography, and fear. But the good news Jesus preached has refused to die. The evidence of its vitality lies in the remarkable staying power of his words.

The New Testament narrative about an historical figure named Jesus of Nazareth is the tale of a soul who had reached the pinnacle of divine awareness and entered into a state of being beyond the scope of mortal limitation and law. As such his extraordinary achievement and benediction speak to souls everywhere by calling on them to wake up and embrace their heritage as the sons and daughters of Spirit traversing this planet on a sacred journey homeward. Our elder brother became a Savior when he successfully completed his soul’s mission of unveiling the truth of Immanuel to the human race. But the job had taken eons to complete. It would be a protracted struggle to attain the heights of a Christ able to release the lost souls estranged from their Maker from ignorance and the viselike grip of a material world. The effort had begun millions of years ago.

Evolution of a Soul

In the first cause, or principle, all is perfect. In the creation of soul, we find the portion may become a living soul and equal with the Creator. To reach that position, when separated, must pass through all stages of development, that it may be one with the Creator.

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The soul that became Jesus had trod the globe during many lifetimes under different guises before its final incarnation as the Nazarene rabbi. Like the rest of us, Jesus had stood center stage during these previous appearances in the earth, playing the starring role in his soul’s evolution through time and space. His earliest incarnation is reported to have been as Amilius, a being who abided in spirit form in a place called Atlantis more than ten million years ago. Edgar Cayce explains: “ … Individuals in the beginning were more of thought-forms than individual entities with personalities as seen in the present … ” (364-10) Known as the first begotten of God, Amilius was also the first soul to become aware that the original divine plan for creation had somehow gone awry.

Before time as we count it now and the human body as it appears today, souls—unique aspects of the divine—manifested solely in spirit form. Fashioned to be companions with the Creator, these beings were the mirrors which allowed Spirit to reflect back to itself. But things began to diverge from the primordial plan and veer off track when the wayward mind entered the picture and an “involution” of spirit into the material realm occurred. Souls originally spun off from the Godhead in spirit form slowed down their vibrational frequencies and began to play with matter, using thought and free will to create new worlds for themselves. It did not take long for these rookie “creators” to become enamored with their own formations and start yearning to experience material sensations. The desire to feel various sense impressions kept growing stronger until it led to a startling mistake. These nonmaterial beings of light, which until then had been completely unencumbered and free to move about the universe, pushed themselves into matter.

At first the situation appeared temporary and for a while spirits were able to enter and depart the physical realm as they pleased. Eventually, however, captivated by this new dimension and seeking greater and greater sensual pleasures, they became completely encased in physicality and no longer were able to leave at will to reside among the higher celestial vibrations. Souls were trapped. Worse, tantalized by the fascinating exercise of generating new creations in the province of lower and slower vibrations, they turned away from the light and grew increasingly distant from the transcendental force out of which they had emanated. As time passed, souls would completely forget their spiritual origins and begin to see themselves as totally separate beings confined by the boundaries of a physical form. And with that sense of limitation, selfishness entered the picture. Incorporeal souls whose true home was the boundless cosmos were stuck—spellbound—in the third dimension, cut off from the light by the inventions of their own minds. Such was the fall from grace of which so many spiritual traditions speak.

Earthbound

Myths from around the world recount the remnants of this prehuman era. Some of the mesmerized spirits were so intrigued with matter that they entered and occupied plants and animals, taking on the characteristics of those species. Strange creatures projecting tree limbs and leaves or possessing animal legs, hooves, fish scales, and furry skin now inhabited material form. Edgar Cayce indicates that universal legends about mermaids, centaurs, satyrs and other exotic beings are the vestiges of this far distant past. The Bible also describes one group of entities intensely enmeshed in materiality as the sons and daughters of men or “Sons of Belial” who assumed a variety of forms, including as the Nephilim (giants) portrayed in the Old Testament. The readings refer to this particular group of souls as “ … those that sought more the gratifying, the satisfying, the use of material things for self, without thought or consideration as to … the hardships in the experiences of others. Or, in other words, as we would term it today, they were without a standard of morality.” (877-26)

All was not lost however, for the Father-Mother God desired to prepare a way out for the souls that had gone astray. “ … For He hath not willed that any soul should perish, but hath prepared a way of escape,” (262-84) assert the Cayce readings. Recognizing the dilemma the entangled spirits faced, the first begotten of the divine, Amilius, was moved to action. He and a group of souls not yet hopelessly locked into physicality determined they would provide a way to free other souls from their entrapment in matter. The law of limitation and self-aggrandizement characterized the Sons of Belial and their activities, but the souls Amilius led were different and offered a sharp contrast to the “fallen angels.” His group comprised those who understood and followed the Law of One because they still could remember their spiritual origins and intimate relationship with the divine. Together Amilius and his cohorts made the decision to act as guides to help the wayward children reestablish a relationship with their Source. They would lead them back to the presence of God.

The task was not without peril, however. Even Amilius, whose original purpose in entering the earth plane was to help other souls remember their innate divinity, eventually succumbed to the attractions of a material world. According to Edgar Cayce, Amilius “ … allowed himself to be led in the ways of selfishness … ” (364-8) When all was said and done, this self-proclaimed leader and principal representative of the Law of One was going to have to find his way out too. Fortunately for the human race its prospective savior never strayed so far afield that he was not able to extricate himself. Despite myriad temptations to abandon the Herculean task, the first begotten of God continued working lifetime after lifetime—advancing in most but occasionally losing ground—to construct the pattern by which the soul would finally be released from its imprisonment in matter and return to God awareness.

In His Image

Hence, every form of life that man sees in a material world is an essence or manifestation of the Creator; not the Creator, but a manifestation of a first cause …

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Meanwhile it had become painfully evident to the Sons of God that their success was predicated upon creating a new type of bodily structure. The animal-like bodies with which the lost souls were intertwined were not adequate for their long-term habitation nor the arduous task of reigniting the divine spark—raising up the individuated spirit—and liberating it. Clearly souls enshrouded in matter needed access to a different type of vehicle—a more spiritualized and perfect physical form—in order to be able to break free. A new body would allow them to experience the third dimensional world yet still maintain a connection to higher awareness and their true nature.

The key was to design a way for souls enmeshed in a physical world to recognize their estrangement from the divine while at the same time reawakening in them the conscious desire to return to companionship with their Creator. This redesigned body became the first of what is called a human being or Homo sapiens: “ … man’s indwelling as man in the form of flesh in this material world … ”(364-5) as described in the Edgar Cayce readings. Hundreds of thousands of years after spirit became ensnared by matter, a more advanced form of physicality emerged. And the soul, which had first entered the earth plane as Amilius and later would return as Jesus of Nazareth, was the soul which would inhabit the earliest prototypical human form.

A glorious period dawned as Amilius and the other Sons of God prepared the way for the entry of a physical human into the earth. The Cayce information reports that the morning stars sang together in the glory of the coming of the Lord as divinity was reflected in flesh; “ … when the Sons of God came together to announce to Matter a way being opened for the souls of men, the souls of God’s creation, to come again to the awareness of their error.” (2156-2) The offspring of divinity, fallen away in consciousness from their Source, now had access to the most effective vehicle by which to rise up to those celestial heights again. Souls would have the pathway to freedom embodied in the very forms they carried around with them. Hope abounded. But it would be a long and difficult journey home.

Adam

… He, our Lord was the first among those that put on mortality that there might be the opportunity for those forces that had erred in spiritual things …

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The presence in the biblical account of not one but two creation stories culminating in the appearance of a human being on earth is an enigma which has intrigued biblical scholars for centuries. According to Edgar Cayce, the first version of the story found in Genesis refers to the original formation of the soul and describes a being made in the image and likeness of God who, by virtue of its emanation from a divine source, had dominion over the rest of creation. The second rendition pertains to the creation of the physical body of man fashioned from the dust of the earth. After the materialization of this outer form occurs, God breathes the breath of the life force into its nostrils and a living being emerges: Adam. The readings describe the appearance of Adam this way—

When there was in the beginning a man’s advent into the plane known as earth, and it became a living soul, amendable to the laws that govern the plane itself as presented, the Son of man entered the earth as the first man. Hence the Son of man, the Son of God, the Son of the first Cause, making manifest in a material body. This was not the first spiritual influence, spiritual body, spiritual manifestation in the earth, but the first man—flesh and blood; the first carnal house, the first amenable body to the laws of the plane in its position in the universe.

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Further, the emergence of human beings in this new material “home” for the soul built according to a divine blueprint was not an isolated incident. The readings indicate that souls in humanoid form entered in five different places at the same time, and the form called Adam resided in just one of them. Other Sons of God assisted in the job of leading spirit’s entrance into these newly formed earth-bodies with each entry representing a different race: red, yellow, white, black, and brown. The locations were Eden, Atlantis, the Andes, western America, and India, although the continents and oceans were not in the same configurations as they are today. Interestingly Islamic tradition also states that Adam was created from red, white, and black clay. And the Jewish Talmud notes that dust was gathered throughout the whole earth to create Adam’s body, which resulted in the homogeneity of the multicolored human race.² The Adam soul, however, remained the leader of the Sons of God and set the pattern for those who had entered in the other four areas, serving as the primary interface between God and all the souls trapped in matter. The Cayce information also ascribes to Adam the establishment of the “ … altars upon which the sacrifices of the field and forest … ”(364-4) were made as religious tributes to the divine.

While a literal reading of the Old Testament and most recognized biblical scholarship give no shrift to the kind of prehistory recounted in the Cayce material, other ancient sources of wisdom paint a slightly different picture. Gnostic Mandaean literature mentions a mystic or secret Adam who preceded the human Adam by countless years and the Hermeticists apparently held similar beliefs. The Kabbalist Zohar discusses two Adams as well. The first was “a divine being” who stepped forth “from the highest original darkness, creating the second, or earthly, Adam in His own image.”³ Likewise, ancient Jewish mystics claimed that “God first created the Heavenly Man, the Archetype, who filled the universe and served as the pattern on which it was made.”⁴

In the Garden

The mystical passage of the human race through the earth experience begins in the first book of the Bible with the Garden of Eden and the baffling story of Adam and his helpmeet Eve whose choices lead to a paradise lost. Here is where the record of the soul’s movement through the material dimension sets sail. It is worth noting that the Cayce material describes the Bible, as a whole, as the history of humanity’s spiritual development and search for God. The readings regard it as an account of the soul’s supernatural origins, its memory lapse and fall, and the long and fitful progression upward to reach a state of divine awareness again. Occasionally the story shows the children of God taking huge leaps forward with the help of some of the highly evolved patriarchs and prophets populating the Old Testament. Yet more often than not, the climb appears daunting and painfully slow. The epic does not reach its apotheosis until one soul attains a state of being never before achieved in the material realm: the full flowering of the Christ spirit in the earth through one man’s conscious union with God. The advent of the newly structured Adam-body is what sets this sacred journey into motion.

Helpmeet

The second chapter of Genesis conveys an interesting moment in the biography of Adam, who dwells in a magnificent garden flourishing with everything he could possibly want or need. But the man is lonely. Realizing the problem, God proceeds to address it by setting aside Adam’s conscious mind and causing a deep sleep to come over him. Then the unseen Creative Forces remove one of Adam’s ribs and from that bone fashion a separate being—a woman called Eve. Out of the blue and from the innermost depths of Adam’s own being, a separate spirit emerges—something born of his deeper, unconscious self. And a new energy, which until that moment had been hidden from human awareness, is released to take form in the world.

This dramatic scene in the creation narrative harks back to the soul’s original, formless condition within the cosmos when the very first soul made “in our image, after our likeness” emerged from the Godhead. (Gen. 1:26) The biblical allusion to “our” likeness refers to the fact that from the outset souls were created male and female. Since the very first soul came into being and began roaming the universe in spirit form, entering the earth plane as an entity named Amilius, it and every other soul had incorporated both polarities. As explained in the Cayce information, only much later did the actual physical separation into the two sexes occur as a means to help souls advance.

The developments in Eden speak to the fact that the male spirit (Adam) and its female counterpart (Eve) were actually two halves of one whole. They were twin souls—coequal reflections of a unique aspect of divinity spun off at the moment of creation. And now the pair would occupy the planet in visible form as material representations of the masculine and feminine polarities. Interestingly, the Old Testament allegory confirms the unity and native equality of the two by describing Eve as an element of Adam taken from his side. Edgar Cayce elaborates further on Eve’s purpose for coming into being—

… this as a being came as the companion; and when there was that turning to the within, through the sources of creation, as to make for the helpmeet … then—from out of self—was brought that as was to be the helpmeet, not just a companion of the body …

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More than a bodily companion, Adam’s helpmeet Eve is a symbol of that which issues forth from the soul itself to assist humankind along the path back to divine awareness. A previously overlooked aspect of the soul has come into expression in order to aid in its spiritual development.

As with most of the Bible, layer upon layer of meaning infuses the relatively simple story of the glorious garden that once was our home. Running through this tale of a paradise lost are the intertwining elements of the plot which mask profound spiritual truths. First, only by laying aside the mind, putting the outer self to sleep so to speak, can the unseen Creative Forces hidden deep inside us enter into this world. Second, each “half” of the now-split soul, its male and female counterparts, has an individual destiny and specific role to play in the spiritual upliftment of the human race. In that same vein, the Edgar Cayce readings reveal an as yet unrecognized but astonishing fact about Adam’s “twin soul,” his consort Eve. She will enter the earth again for another significant lifetime at a pivotal moment in human history. It is during the period when the first begotten of God or Adam soul makes its climactic appearance on earth as the Messiah. In that future incarnation the soul known as Eve will return to assist the deliverer in his holy mission by taking on the role of Mary, the mother of Jesus.

The Serpent Beguiled Me

In paradise—humanity’s original “perfect” condition—Adam and Eve live in peaceful coexistence and companionship with their God enjoying dominion over every cell of the created universe. The readings state that “ … in the first was given man and mind [to] subdue the earth in every element … all manner of animal in the earth, in the air, under the sea, has been tamed of man … ”(900-31) As a pot is comprised of and no different from the clay out of which it is shaped, the man and woman embodied the stuff of divinity and as such experienced a state of uninterrupted harmony and bliss. Their Edenic utopia might have continued unabated had the serpent not entered the picture. While it is intriguing and perhaps somewhat comforting to believe a literal talking snake was Eve’s tempter, that notion is far too simplistic. The human adventure on this planet was launched by the same forces still at work today: the temptation to misuse the sacred knowledge we possess for self-gratification—Selfishness.

The lamentable events that occurred in the Garden of Eden at the dawn of time actually are a record of the downward movement of human consciousness. Long ago when souls could still perceive their Oneness with the divine and the totality of creation, they chose instead to put their faith in a counterfeit reality: dualism. Understood from its mystical standpoint, the snake in the Bible is the life force found inside each individual—what Eastern mystical teachings refer to as kundalini energy (the serpent). And because every human being is endowed with free will, he or she chooses where to direct this creative spark, deciding either to use these soul forces for the good of the whole or to enhance oneself. Genesis is a fable about how the human race turned away from its divine source and misused its sacred energy as well as a potent reminder about the need to stay alert to the misguided antics of the restless mind. The mistake Adam and Eve made stands as a warning never to pervert the spiritual power to which our souls have access for selfish ends. If we do, it may be to our eternal detriment.

The female (Eve), representing the unconscious, veiled aspect of the human being, becomes aware of a frisson of energy inside her—the serpent. In close touch with this inner life force she soon becomes entranced with the possibility of wielding such a power and, unbeknownst to the outer male aspect (Adam), engages the notion with her mind. But the snake, which is both subtle and cunning, quickly tempts Eve to ignore her innermost guidance and stray outside the boundaries of divine law by seeking to aggrandize herself. It persuades her to ingest the knowledge of good and evil with the promise that she will become as a God. Eve has allowed her mind to grab hold of an idea and convince herself it is true: “I need something more than what I am right now in order to be divine.” With her decision to reach for the forbidden fruit and try to add “more” to what she already is, Eve has accepted the principle of duality. She perceives herself as separate and apart from the whole, from God. And the game begins.

Adam and Eve already existed in the midst of perfection as far as the eye could see, but after becoming cognizant of the kundalini energy within, living in attunement with divine order no longer was enough for them. Something mind-made, external to Eve’s inner recognition of an uninterrupted state of Oneness, becomes the apple of her eye. She then proceeds to involve Adam in the sorry drama. Thus will the more hidden aspect of ourselves (female) flirt with using the sacred life energy (the serpent) to convince the outer consciousness (male) that we must know more, have more, be more, in order to be whole. “ … For, it is knowledge misapplied that was the fall—or the confusion—in Eve” (281-63), states the Cayce reading. The irony is that Eve’s soul was constituted of divine stuff, and by its very nature encompassed everything she could possibly need or desire, including any knowledge that for the moment appeared to be lacking. Infinity resided within her. But with that singular act of disobedience to her highest sense of awareness, Eve gave in to the desire for separation from her divine source over attunement with that source. The yen for matter and material form had bewitched the soul again.

Worse, Eve’s companion, Adam, follows suit, then accuses his partner of leading him astray. Adam’s charge is the earliest known example of the all-too-human tendency to align one’s thinking with the thinking of others until together—through the sheer force of the collective mind and will—problems emerge. Thousands of years later, when the same Adam soul incarnates for the last time in Galilee, Jesus of Nazareth will offer a more enlightened perspective on the power of like-mindedness in his teaching about the enormous good that results from two or more gathered together with the ideal of the Christ in mind.

Fig Leaves

According to the Genesis story line, immediately following their rebellious act Adam and Eve suddenly became aware of their physical bodies and sewed fig leaves together to hide their nakedness. Feeling exposed by their blatant disregard of divine law and burgeoning sense of an ego self—a “self” separate and apart from the whole—they make a feeble attempt to keep the naked truth under wraps by covering up their flesh. The two have accepted a universe comprised of good and evil and now perceive creation in a new light. Up to this moment the soul had experienced itself solely in relationship to the divine—as an integral thread bound up in the fabric of the whole. But once a sense of defiant self-consciousness emerges, these same souls begin to view themselves as isolated fragments with a separate existence laid bare for scrutiny by their detachment from the rest of creation. Estranged from their Creator, which literally had placed the universe at their feet, Adam and Eve are ashamed.

Before long the two hear the voice of God who is said to be walking in the garden during the cool of the day, seeking his companions. The deity wonders where Adam and Eve have gone only to find them secreted away. Adam admits that he and his helpmeet had hidden, fearful of coming forward, because they realized they were naked. God bluntly responds by asking Adam, “Who told thee that thou wast naked? Hast thou eaten of the tree, whereof I commanded thee that thou shouldest not eat?” (Gen. 3:11) Neither the man nor the woman has a ready answer and soon the jig is up. It is evident to the Creator his beloved progeny have ingested the fruit of the forbidden tree and now know the “two-ness” of separation—a transgression whose penalty is far-reaching and inescapable.

The gates of paradise will be forever closed to Adam and Eve and to every human being who believes in an existence apart from the divine totality—anyone who accepts the deception of duality instead of the truth of the Law of One. And the serpent or divine energy animating the created world will continue to crawl on its belly, eating the dust of the lower vibrations of matter until these heirs to heaven choose to raise it up again. Further, in navigating the fallen, intensely material, and dualistic circumstances to which the soul had descended, human beings are destined to experience enduring hardship where childbirth is painful and man must till the soil.

Unbridled Hope

Q. When did the knowledge come to Jesus that he was to be the Savior of the world?

A. When he fell in Eden.

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Adam and Eve’s impatience with the original divine plan of eternal attunement with their Creator results in a fall in consciousness from an effortless state of at-One-ment into the chaos of a mortal world subject to the laws of cause and effect. Once they had crossed the border into the wilderness of duality and self-centered thinking—believing this is good, this is bad; I want this, I don’t want that—the reality of divine perfection, though still ever-present, was largely forgotten. Yet all was not lost. Luckily the fateful decision by the two to defy the divine command to remain innocent also becomes the doorway for hope to enter the scene. Their disobedience is what places the children of God on a path to individuation.

The Cayce philosophy asserts that the soul’s fall from grace and subsequent ascent in consciousness toward realization of its true identity defines man’s purpose on earth. To “ … become aware of yourself being yourself yet one with Him,” (1992-1) is how the readings define it. And yet it was the heartbreaking loss of Eden that presented humanity with the opportunity to grow into that awareness. Banishment allowed the fallen children to move beyond the limited confines of the garden walls, which hemmed in paradise and restricted the soul to knowing its Creator solely through the eyes of a naïve child. Now during the steep climb upward through a material world, these same divine offspring will have the autonomy to act as mature, self-directed entities—beings with the ability to deliberately choose to return to that original, higher state of consciousness, that paradise, and dwell anew with their God.

In the end, humanity’s chastisement and expulsion from the childlike conditions of Eden gave the soul the chance to become fully itself—consciously. But the human race was going to pay a stiff price for the opportunity. Finding the way back in consciousness to God through a mind-created universe—overcoming the world—would prove to be a lengthy and difficult process. The demand to lift up the serpent or divine life force wallowing in the mud of the earth and elevate it to the heights of perfection once more was an undertaking that ultimately would require eons of time, space, and patience to achieve. In the meantime, during the countless days and years spent between the bookends of birth and death, human beings would be subject to the complex set of laws governing a material existence. In addition, an eternal injunction was put in place. The exiled souls could not scale the walls, sneak through the gates, or force their way back into paradise because mighty cherubim, members of an unseen army of Spirit, continuously guard the entryway back into the heavenly estate. And these divine messengers allow admittance only when a soul is ready—only when it has overcome the desire to misuse its celestial fire for self-gratification and no longer places material ways and means above the Law of One. “Do not gain knowledge only to thine undoing,” Edgar Cayce cautioned. “Remember Adam.” (5753-2)

The story of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden stands as a timeless allegory about a lost opportunity to choose at-One-ment over duality. And the Tree of Life reaching skyward at the center of the garden of paradise, crudely mirrored in the body’s own nervous system, represents the divine energy coursing through every man, woman, and child. Countless centuries after the fall in the garden, this same archetype will reappear at another critical moment in the human drama. In a powerful expression of synchronicity, the symbolic Tree of Life first depicted in Genesis will be transformed into the universal symbol for the soul’s sacred journey upward through time and space: when the cross is raised over Golgotha.

¹Eckhart Tolle, The Power of Now (Novato, CA: New World Library, 1999), 109.

²Encyclopedia Judaica, (16 volumes) (Jerusalem: Keter Publishing House, 1972), II:241.

³Manly P. Hall, An Encyclopedic Outline of Masonic, Hermetic, Quabbalistic and Roscicrucian Symbolical Philosophy (Los Angeles: Philosophical Research Society, Inc., 1957), CXXVI.

⁴Hugh Schonfield, ed., The Authentic New Testament (New York: New American Library, 1958), n. 59, 309.