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Various standardization bodies have worked on the IoT in order to specify the definitions, architecture, recommendations and the fields of application for this new paradigm. The ITU–T (International Telecommunication Union– Telecommunication Standardization Sector) is a standardization body that works on the IoT environment and its different fields of applications through the SG20 work group. According to the ITU-T document Y.2060, the IoT is a ubiquitous network that is available everywhere, anytime and to anyone (ITU-T 2012). The IoT is a global infrastructure for the information society that makes it possible to offer advanced services by interconnecting objects using various communication technologies (Minerva et al. 2015). Further, in ISO/IEC (2015a), the ISO/IEC (International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission) provides a definition and specification for the vocabulary used within the IoT environment. According to this, the IoT is a network of physical objects that collect and transmit data. It is an infrastructure made up of interconnected objects, humans and information resources that make it possible to process data collected by the objects and then react as a consequence (ISO/IEC 2015a; International Electrotechnical Commission 2017b). According to the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), the general idea behind the IoT is to connect objects in order to provide contextual services across different technologies, thereby offering a service available anywhere and at any time (Minerva et al. 2015). The IETF considers the IoT to be a network of interconnected objects that can be addressed uniquely and that use standardized protocols for communication between the objects (Lee et al. 2012). Further, the IETF and ISO/IEC take different requirements into consideration in the IoT environment, such as auto-configuration, unique identification, interfaces standardization, connectivity, reliability and mobility.

We propose a definition that brings together information from all the definitions discussed above: the IoT is a global infrastructure that interconnects objects (which are identified uniquely) and humans to offer advanced, autonomous services via smart interfaces. It must be noted that the unique identification allows the identity of the objects to be verified and enables data processing based on the source of the data.