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Protecting privacy in the IoT requires specific considerations to protect information related to a person’s privacy from being shared in this kind of environment. Data transmitted by a single object may not generate confidentiality problems that could compromise an individual’s privacy. However, when fragmented data originating from several different objects is re-assembled, compiled and analyzed, it may generate sensitive information that requires appropriate protection.

As already seen in section 1.3.2, the IoT operates in different fields of application through which personal data of the users is collected. In fact, IoT service consumers risk divulging private information, little by little, without realizing it as they are unaware of the nature of the data collected and how it is used in this kind of environment. Current approaches to data protection in IoT are based chiefly on encryption or on access control to the collected data. Nonetheless, threats to privacy in the IoT may not be covered by the mechanisms that these solutions offer. For example, data processing may be outsourced, creating the risk of data being sold for marketing or other purposes to third parties (Sicari et al. 2015).