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CHAPTER 3

What Are the Approaches to Sustainability?

Natural Capitalism

Cradle to Cradle

Biomimicry

Life Cycle Analysis

Social Return on Investment

The Natural Step™

Total Beauty

Sustainability Helix

Other Frameworks

Putting Them All Together

There are several approaches, or frameworks, for understanding sustainability and its impact on the design and development of products and services, as well as on corporate behavior. For the most part, none is complete and only together do they form a full picture of criteria, processes, and approaches to more sustainable solutions. The proponents of some frameworks argue that theirs is complete or the best, but this is hardly true. However, all frameworks are lenses that contribute to the larger understanding of the issues, measures, and approaches of sustainability.