Читать книгу Mathers Systematic Theology - Norman W. Mathers - Страница 14

Scripture originated with God the Holy Spirit (1:20-21). The Holy Spirit used holy men of God. He moved on them to write the scriptures using their personalities. This very fact of the oversight of the entire process by the Holy Spirit of God insures the product is without error. The scriptures exhibit a dual authorship (Lindsell 1976:34-35). This truth is determined by the Holy Scriptures (Hodge 1975:1:158). Shedd (1979:88) adds that the Holy Spirit’s role in the inspiration of the scriptures guarantees the infallibility of the writer. The apostle Peter is writing concerning the prophetic word being confirmed because of the transfiguration experience (1:18-19). Peter writes “all prophecy of scripture” (graphes) in 1:20 [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:807). All prophecy is the general category. Scripture is in the genitive case. It is a genitive of apposition so that what the apostle refers to is not just the Old Testament but whatever has the right to be called scripture. The genitive of apposition names a specific category that falls within that category. This is different than simple apposition in which the two words prophecy and scripture would have to be in the same case and usually agree in number as well. Peter agrees with Paul’s scripture in 2 Timothy 3:16 that “all scripture is God-breathed” [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:736). The interpretation of 2 Peter 1:20 as referring to the Old Testament only is an argument from tradition. Scripture would have to be a plural form to refer only to the Old Testament. All prophecy does refer to the Old Testament. The application of 2 Peter 1:20 only to the Old Testament ignores the grammar and case of the word scripture. The use of graphes refers to all Scripture (Arndt & Gingrich 1973:165:2(b). The grammatical impact is a reference to the entire 66 books of the bible. Warfield confirms that what Peter meant is the same truth that the apostle Paul refers to in 2 Timothy 3:16 (Warfield 1948:136). Peter’s words apply not only to the whole of Scripture but also to all its parts (ibid:136). Peter uses the word scripture in a wider sense than merely the Old Testament as evidenced by his usage in 2 Peter 3:16. He references Paul’s epistles calling them scripture.

Peter presents the necessity of making the spiritual advance in the Christian life (2 Pet. 1:3-11). He exhorts his readers to make certain their calling and election (klesin kai eklogen) (1:10). This certainty is in two areas. The first is their calling which refers to the divine invitation (Robertson 1933:6:152-153). God calling them through the gospel. The second is their election before the foundation of the world. Election (eklogen) is used with this meaning in 2 Thessalonians 1:4. Peter concludes in 1:12 (dio) that he wanted to remind them of these things (1:3-11). He adds that they have known and have been established (perfect active and perfect passive participles-(ibid:153-154). They have known the truth and having been established in the parousia truth. They have the truth and are established in it (Bigg 1975:263). Parousia is used of both the rapture (1 Thess. 4:15) and the second coming of Christ which occurs seven years after the rapture. Peter’s use of parousia in this context refers to Christ’s second coming. Now Peter reveals that “our Lord Jesus Christ has revealed” [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:806) to him his approaching death (1:14). He wants to put his readers “in remembrance” [author’s translation] (ibid:806) (en upomnesei) so that they can call them to mind after his departure (1:15). The Word of God is reliable because it was revealed to eyewitnesses (1:16). Peter tells us that the apostles had not devised myths. They made known the power and parousia (second coming of Christ- at the end of the 7 year tribulation period). They were eyewitnesses of that one’s deity (megaleiotetos – divinity and divine attributes of God – Arndt & Gingrich 1973:498). The Father testified to the deity of the Son. Peter adds they heard the Father’s voice from heaven being with Christ on the holy mountain of transfiguration (1:18). He interprets the meaning of the transfiguration of Christ for us in 2 Peter 1:19. “We have” (echomen – present active -1^st person plural- continuous action- the present abiding possession of the believer in Christ) “the prophetic word not fulfilled but more certain” (comparative form of the adjective bebaios) [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:807). The prophetic word refers to the Old Testament, the prophets, and messianic and kingdom promises (1:19). The prophetic word is like a lamp shining in a dark place (kosmos- the evil world system- by application – this is the dark place). He exhorts them to pay heed to it until the day star dawns (arises) in your hearts. Peter alludes to the revelation of Jesus Christ. The divine mind, God the Holy Spirit, using Peter’s personality has in mind the rapture (1 Pet. 1:7). Now, the apostle Peter gives us the first principle of interpretation. All prophecy – scripture did not originate with man (2 Pet. 1:20). Epiluseos is best understood as to originate. Meaning is established through usage in the New Testament. Epiluo – the verb from which epiluseos is a derivative means to release (Arndt& Gingrich 1973:295). This word is formed from two greek words the preposition epi and the verb luo. Peter gives the reason as indicated by the connective (gar) that scripture did not originate with man (1:21). Prophecy not ever not even once has come (aorist passive- action has been done to the subject) “by the will of man” [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:807). God, the Holy Spirit, who restrains evil, restrained men from writing the scriptures. No prophecy has ever originated by will of man (thelmati anthropou) but by the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is the agent and divine author of scripture “but by the Holy Spirit” (1:21) [author’s translation] (Aland & Black 1968:807). The verb “pheromenoi” is a present middle participle, nominative, masculine, plural. The subject of this verb is men which is nominative, masculine, plural. “Men being moved by the Spirit of God have spoken from God” (2 Pet. 1:21)[author’s translation](ibid:1968:807). There is a dual authorship behind the writing of the scriptures. The Textus Receptus text has “holy men of God being moved by the Holy Spirit have spoken” (Textus Receptus 1825 edition 1973:509).