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KEY TO THE PRONUNCIATION
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| ā | as in | fāte | ō | as in | nōte |
| ă | " | făt | ŏ | " | nŏt |
| â | " | fâir | ô | " | nôr |
| ä | " | fär | o̤ | " | do̤ |
| ȧ | " | fȧst | ọ | " | wọlf |
| a̤ | " | fa̤ll | ȯ | " | sȯn |
| ạ | " | whạt | o͞o | " | fo͞od |
| a | " | fī´nal | o͝o | " | fo͝ot |
| ē | " | mēte | ū | " | ūse |
| ĕ | " | mĕt | ŭ | " | ŭs |
| ẽ | " | hẽr | ṳ | " | rṳle |
| ê | " | thêre | ụ | " | fụll |
| e̱ | " | pre̱y | û | " | ûrge |
| e | " | rē´cent | |||
| ī | " | pīne | ȳ | " | flȳ |
| ĭ | " | pĭn | y̆ | " | ny̆mph |
| ï | " | ma-chïne´ | ỹ | " | mỹrrh |
| ĩ | " | bĩrd |
The symbol ⊥ placed over a vowel indicates the long sound of that vowel shortened, or without the vanish. It is used in unaccented syllables, as in sĕn´[+a]te, [+e]-vĕnt´, [+i]-dē´a, [+o]-bey´, [+u]-nīte´.
| oi | as in | oil | x̝ | like gz | ex̝ist |
| ou | " | out | [th] | as in | [th]is |
| th | " | thin | |||
| ç, soft, | like s | çede | ṉ | like ng | |
| c̶, hard, | like k | c̶all | ɴ, | nasal tone (as in French) of the preceding vowel, as in encore (äɴ´k[+o]r´) | |
| ḡ, hard, | as in | ḡet | |||
| ġ, soft, | like j | ġem | |||
| s | like z | has | ' | (for voice glide), as in often (ŏf´'n) |
