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List of Plates

1.Griffith’s birthplace at 61 Upper Dominick Street, photographed before its demolition by Dublin Corporation. (National Library of Ireland, O’Luing papers)

2.The earliest known portrait of Griffith (aged twenty-six).

3.Maud Sheehan (1876–1963) as a young woman. Griffith’s future wife was a daughter of middle-class and Catholic parents whose two siblings entered religious orders and she may also have been so intended (note the crucifix belt). (National Library of Ireland, Griffith papers)

4.William Rooney (1872–1901), Griffith’s assistant in the Young Ireland League. Like Arthur’s sister Marcella (1866–1900), Rooney died as a result of a disease contracted in a Dublin slum tenement. He was the first literary editor of the United Irishman (1899–1901).

5.Griffith on a day-trip to Tara, Co. Meath, a few months before launching the Sinn Féin Policy to coincide with the creation of the Industrial Development Association (November 1905). The photo-shy man to the left of Fr. Forde is James Casey, the first secretary of the Gaelic League. On the far right is the Healyite Dublin city councillor Walter Cole, who arranged the release of Griffith’s father Arthur C. Griffith (1838–1904) from the workhouse and became a long-term political ally. The Leader (1944)

6.Máire Butler (1874–1920), a wealthy Catholic writer and mutual friend of Griffith and Patrick Pearse. She gave the United Irishman and Sinn Féin a puritan tone through her work as their literary editor. A very frequent contributor to An Claidheamh Solus, she later died on a pilgrimage to Rome.

7.Jennie Wyse Power (1858–1941), a suffragette and treasurer to the Sinn Féin Party. The IRB’s infamous republican proclamation of 24 April 1916 was written and signed in her home because of her husband’s long-term association with Tom Clarke’s political friends.

8.Arthur and Maud Griffith as newly weds sitting in the back garden of their home in Clontarf (1911). Note Griffith’s orthopaedic boots. The couple had not been able to afford to marry during their previous six-year engagement. This house was a wedding gift to them from William O’Brien’s political supporters within the Gaelic League. By 1912, however, the home was already partly mortgaged due to financial pressures. (National Library of Ireland, Griffith papers)

9.Election card for Griffith during the East Cavan contest of June 1918. (National Library of Ireland, Griffith papers)

10.The ‘Sinn Féin People’s Bank Limited’ at 6 Harcourt Street had a twelve-year history before its suppression in March 1921. Reflecting the unpopularity of Griffith’s ideal of an Irish takeover of the country’s financial institutions, no effort was ever made to revive it. Irish Independent (1921)

11.Griffith being celebrated after the end of nine-months imprisonment (November 1920–July 1921) he received for leading Dáil Eireann. The summer of 1921 marked the peak of Sinn Féin’s popularity. Daily Mirror (1921)

12.In London with Mark Ryan, Eamon Duggan and Bishop Joseph MacRory while preparing to negotiate an unpopular and virtually preordained Anglo-Irish agreement (October 1921). Daily Sketch (1921)

13.Waiting in vain for the train to start: a frustrated Griffith on his way to Sligo (April 1922). Nationalisation of the railways was one of Griffith’s plans to combat general poverty by promoting an infrastructure for business and employment in Ireland. Irish Independent (1922)

14.This contemporary political cartoon represented the common perception that the treaty agreement was an arrangement with an insufficient grounding, thus making it a potential death trap for Irish politicians. UCC Multi-text

15.Shots fired over Griffith’s grave following his burial (August 1922). On the left looking pensively into the grave is Michael Collins, Griffith’s former finance minister. The last leader of the IRB alongside Harry Boland, Collins seems to have been the only National Army officer at the graveside to keep his head uncovered as a mark of respect. In Boland’s opinion, ‘Griffith made us all’. (National Library of Ireland, Griffith papers)

16.Ida Griffith and Nevin Griffith (a future barrister) photographed around the time of their father’s death. (National Library of Ireland, Griffith papers)

17.A Dublin Opinion cartoon representing the difficulties that Griffith faced during April 1922. W.T. Cosgrave would express the opinion that Griffith died primarily due to overwork and stress. Dublin Opinion (1922)

18.A portrait of Griffith by Leo Whelan R.H.A. that was unveiled in Leinster House on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of the formation of Dáil Eireann (21 January 1944) by Bishop Fogarty, the former Sinn Féin Party treasurer. This was one of three portraits of ‘Founders of the Dáil’ that was commissioned by a committee that consisted of W.T. Cosgrave, Joseph McGrath, Richard Mulcahy, James Montgomery, T.F. O’Sullivan and Senator Barniville. The other portraits were of Michael Collins and Kevin O’Higgins.