The Empire Reformed

The Empire Reformed
Автор книги: id книги: 1599871     Оценка: 0.0     Голосов: 0     Отзывы, комментарии: 0 2043,18 руб.     (20,29$) Читать книгу Купить и скачать книгу Купить бумажную книгу Электронная книга Жанр: Историческая литература Правообладатель и/или издательство: Ingram Дата добавления в каталог КнигаЛит: ISBN: 9780812205480 Скачать фрагмент в формате   fb2   fb2.zip Возрастное ограничение: 0+ Оглавление Отрывок из книги

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The Empire Reformed tells the story of a forgotten revolution in English America—a revolution that created not a new nation but a new kind of transatlantic empire. During the seventeenth century, England's American colonies were remote, disorganized outposts with reputations for political turmoil. Colonial subjects rebelled against authority with stunning regularity, culminating in uprisings that toppled colonial governments in the wake of England's «Glorious Revolution» in 1688-89. Nonetheless, after this crisis authorities in both England and the colonies successfully rebuilt the empire, providing the cornerstone of the great global power that would conquer much of the continent over the following century. In The Empire Reformed historian Owen Stanwood illustrates this transition in a narrative that moves from Boston to London to Barbados and Bermuda. He demonstrates not only how the colonies fit into the empire but how imperial politics reflected—and influenced—changing power dynamics in England and Europe during the late 1600s. In particular, Stanwood reveals how the language of Catholic conspiracies informed most colonists' understanding of politics, serving first as the catalyst of rebellions against authority, but later as an ideological glue that held the disparate empire together. In the wake of the Glorious Revolution imperial leaders and colonial subjects began to define the British empire as a potent Protestant union that would save America from the designs of French «papists» and their «savage» Indian allies. By the eighteenth century, British Americans had become proud imperialists, committed to the project of expanding British power in the Americas.

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Owen Stanwood. The Empire Reformed

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The Empire Reformed

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Along with news and books came refugees—English dissenters, Scottish Covenanters, and French Huguenots forced out of Europe by persecuting kings and bishops. Some of these newcomers were simple fugitives from justice, like William Kelso, a Scottish surgeon who arrived in Boston on the Anne and Hester in the summer of 1680. Kelso had lent his services to the Covenanting army around the time of the Battle of Bothwell Bridge, and his flight took him around the British world—to Belfast, Dublin, London, and finally to New England, where he was received as a hero once magistrates there identified him as “a Scotch gentleman & Covenanter.” They dutifully ignored a royal order to apprehend the fugitive. Many other similar migrants ended up in American ports during the 1680s—enough to populate new colonies like Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and South Carolina. Moreover, these newcomers brought harrowing stories of their ill treatment at the hands of their enemies in Europe, enemies that seemed to have designs on America as well.29

Of all the newcomers, perhaps the most important were the boatloads of French Protestants who settled in English colonies from St. Christopher to Massachusetts. The migration started early, in the 1670s, when significant numbers of Huguenots began seeking refuge in England, and a smaller number sought assistance from Parliament to move to places like South Carolina, which could serve as a “retreat for an infinity of people oppressed for their conscience in French colonies in the Antilles as well as Hispaniola and in Canada where they groan under the Cross.” The proprietors of that young colony embraced this search for “forreigne Protestants” as something that would both bring revenue and security and solve a demographic problem in Europe, where refugees and undesirable radicals were filling up communities and taxing resources. Part of the plan involved settling a number of Covenanters in a village south of Charles Town, and the proprietors also proposed bringing in Protestants from the German Palatinate.30

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