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Part I
Occupational Fraud and Corruption
Chapter 1
Introduction to Occupational Fraud and Corruption and Recent Trends

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WHEN I STARTED WRITING THIS BOOK, I considered jumping in at the deep end and commenced rapidly making notes of the various approaches to profiling by compiling a list, based on my 20 or so years of experience in the fraud investigation field, of exactly what, when profiled, would be of use to the fraud investigator. Yes, there is the behavior of the convicted fraudster to understand as well as his modus operandi, but what about which industry type or department he is likely to work in, his likely position within the organization, the likely geographical location, economic environment, and personal circumstances? We also need to understand the profile of higher risk victim organizations and their characteristics. Anyway, I quickly realized that to fully understand the subject of profiling we first need to have a fairly good grounding in or understanding of the subject of fraud and corruption – what it is and how it affects organizations and all of us who are associated with those organizations. It is also, possibly even more so, very important to understand the types of controls that are designed, put in place, and often bypassed to enable us to manage fraud risk in organizations. After all, fraud is perpetrated by human beings as a reaction to opportunities created by weak safeguarding processes. Profiling is a further antifraud methodology to add to the stable, and it does require an understanding of how and where in the corporate environment it would best sit. After all, you would not bring in a new team member without first ensuring a good fit or put a new thoroughbred into a stable to share with other horses without first having an understanding of those neighbors and what makes them kick. So, let's have a look at the world of fraud and corruption and how, since time immemorial, we appear to be failing in our attempts to manage fraud risk in the organizational environment.

Profiling The Fraudster

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