Читать книгу Handbook of Enology: Volume 1 - Pascal Ribéreau-Gayon - Страница 43

With the development of new‐generation sequencing methods, new approaches to yeast characterization have been suggested. The multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method is a standardized approach to full or partial sequence analysis of certain gene expressions in yeast. These genes are characterized by a slow accumulation of mutations, which help differentiate between individuals, as well as deduce phylogenetic relationships between strains. Applied to S. cerevisiae, the results obtained do not indicate a superior ability to discriminate among yeast strains when compared with analysis by repetitive‐element PCR or microsatellite marker polymorphism (Ayoub et al., 2006). However, studies have revealed the specific population structure of wine yeasts, confirming the domestication of these yeasts (Fay and Benavides, 2005). Other approaches consist in establishing sequences of regions located between randomly selected restriction sites in the genome (restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing or RAD‐seq). Many positions of variation of a base, or single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), can thus be used for phylogenetic analyses. The RAD‐seq method has established the diversity and genetic structure of S. cerevisiae strains from a variety of ecological niches (Cromie et al., 2013; Hyma and Fay, 2013).