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Patricia Barnes-Svarney
The Handy Dinosaur Answer Book
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Страница 1
About the Authors
Also from Visible Ink Press
Страница 4
Contents
Introduction
Acknowledgments
IN THE BEGINNING How old is Earth?
How old is the oldest rock and mineral found on Earth?
What caused the early Earth’s
water
and
atmosphere
to
form?
What gases began to
accumulate
after Earth’s crust finally solidified?
How did oxygen form on
early Earth?
What is the greenhouse effect?
What is ozone and how did it
benefit
the
early Earth?
BEGINNINGS OF LIFE When did life first begin on Earth?
What were the conditions on the early Earth that scientists believe may have led to life?
What are the oldest-known fossils found in rock on Earth?
When did the basic form of life
develop
on Earth?
When did larger cells develop?
When did the first multicellular forms of life develop?
Did life develop more than just one time?
When did the first true plants appear on land?
When did the first soft-bodied animals appear in the oceans?
What is the oldest-known life form that existed on land?
What were the first land animals and why did they move onto the dry land?
When did the first primitive dinosaurs appear?
How long did it take for dinosaurs to evolve from the first land animals?
GEOLOGIC TIME What is geologic time?
What is the geologic time scale?
What are the divisions of the geologic time scale?
How are the divisions on the
geologic time scale named?
What are the major time units used in the
geologic time scale?
What do the divisions on the geologic time scale
represent?
What is relative time in relationship to geologic time?
What is absolute time in relationship to geologic time?
When were radiometric dating techniques discovered?
Who first developed an absolute geologic time scale using
radiometric dating?
TIME PERIODS What is the Pre-Cambrian era?
Why do scientists believe that several ice ages occurred during the
late Pre-Cambrian era?
Why was the “Cambrian Explosion,” also called the
“evolutionary big bang”?
What were trilobites and when did they exist?
What theories attempt to explain why the
Cambrian Explosion
occurred?
What are the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and
Cenozoic
eras?
What are the divisions of the
Mesozoic era?
What are the more recent time divisions on the
geologic time scale?
FIRST FOSSILS What is a fossil?
How does a fossil form?
How likely is it that an
organism becomes a fossil?
How do scientists determine the age of
fossils?
What are molds and
casts?
What are trace fossils?
What can some trace fossils of dinosaur tracks
tell us?
DINOSAUR FOSSILS How do paleontologists identify species of dinosaurs from other fossils?
When was the first dinosaur bone collected and described?
What are some of the oldest dinosaur fossils found to date?
What is a dinosaur?
What does the term dinosaur mean?
DINOSAUR ANCESTORS How did life evolve after the early
one-celled organisms?
What are vertebrates?
What were the early amphibians and when did they live?
What were some of the earliest species that
led to amphibians?
What were some of the problems amphibians faced in moving from
water to land?
When did reptiles first
evolve
from amphibians?
What was one of the most important changes that enabled
reptiles
to become true
land-dwelling
animals?
What were some of the earliest known reptiles?
Why did the reptiles dominate during the
Mesozoic
but not the amphibians?
Did some reptiles return to the
oceans?
How are reptiles grouped?
DINOSAURS FIRST APPEAR How did the reptiles give rise to the
dinosaurs?
What were early archosaurs like?
What were other archosaurs like?
What are thecodonts?
What was the next stage in the
evolution
towards true dinosaurs?
What are some of the earliest known
primitive dinosaurs?
What were early carnivorous and
herbivorous dinosaurs
like?
How are dinosaurs classified?
How has the definition of
dinosaur changed
over the years?
How many species of dinosaurs are currently known?
How many species of dinosaurs have been
named
since the first skeletons were uncovered?
How do the number of known dinosaur species compare to some modern species?
How is a dinosaur currently
defined
using
cladistic analysis?
How are dinosaurs named?
How did dinosaurs evolve?
How are dinosaurs classified?
Is there a continent where dinosaur fossils have
never been found?
What kinds of dinosaurs were in the
saurischian
group?
What kinds of dinosaurs were in the
ornithischian
group?
What events led to the
dominance
of dinosaurs in the
Mesozoic
era?
How long were dinosaurs
dominant
on Earth?
Were there dinosaurs at the
beginning of the Mesozoic?
When did the age of dinosaurs end?
What is the Triassic period and how did it
get its name?
How long did the Triassic period last?
What are the divisions of the
Triassic period?
What did the Triassic period signify?
CONTINENTS DURING THE TRIASSIC PERIOD Do Earth’s continents change positions?
What are continental drift and
plate tectonics?
How did fossil evidence support the theory of
continental drift?
Who discovered seafloor spreading?
What magnetic evidence did scientists use to verify
seafloor spreading?
What is the driving force behind the movement of the continental plates?
What are the consequences of
continental plate movements?
What did our planet look like at the start of the
Triassic period?
What led to the original formation of the supercontinent Pangea?
How did the supercontinent Pangea change during the
Triassic period?
How did this continental configuration affect the
dinosaurs?
Where are Triassic period rocks found?
What is the Newark Supergroup and why is it
significant?
What is the Ischigualasto formation and why is it
important?
TRIASSIC DINOSAURS Did any Triassic period dinosaurs fly?
Did any Triassic period dinosaurs live in the
oceans?
Were there many dinosaurs during the
Triassic period?
Why did the dinosaurs begin to
thrive
in the
Late Triassic period?
What were some of the early dinosaurs?
Why is
Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis
thought to be one of the
earliest dinosaurs
known?
Is the
Eoraptor lunensis
also one of the most
primitive dinosaurs?
Which Triassic period dinosaurs were
herbivores?
What is the earliest-known herbivorous dinosaur?
Which Triassic period dinosaurs were
carnivores?
What was
Coelophysis
like?
What were the smallest dinosaurs known to have existed during the
Triassic period?
Were there other reptiles in the Middle to Late Triassic period that may have been
early dinosaurs?
What was the largest dinosaur known to have existed during the
Triassic period?
OTHER LIFE DURING THE TRIASSIC If the dinosaurs were just evolving, which land and marine animals dominated the
Triassic period?
What are the tetrapods?
Where did tetrapods live on
Pangea
during the
Late Triassic period?
What were the major groups of
land organisms
during the
Triassic?
What were the major marine animals living during the
Triassic period?
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